鐵娘子：撒切爾夫人的兩面性
“鐵娘子”（IronLady）源自於前蘇聯媒體對撒切爾夫人的戲稱，卻也如實反映出她的兩面性：鐵，其性質剛硬、冰冷，可視作“男性”的表征；想當然，娘子則強調“女性”（這裏“男性”與“女性”指的是後天形成的“社會性別”）的部分。壹如臺灣片商所下的副標題，鐵的堅固與娘子的柔情，兩種截然不同的個性同時顯現於片中的撒切爾夫人（MerylStreep飾）身上。
電影是以現在與過去不斷交錯而進行。現在指的是早已退出政壇，記憶力衰退，身形痀僂的撒切爾夫人所處的時空；過去的時空則是包括年輕時的瑪格麗特（AlexandraRoach飾），以及擔任首相時的撒切爾夫人。透過過去的片斷，我們便可看到尚未涉入政治的瑪格麗特與當時壹般女性的不同之處，例如：站在壹群男性中間，聆聽社會公***議題相關的演說；在晚宴桌上高談闊論，發表“我們應自立自強”等的言論。在傳統觀念中，“女性”應擁有緊閉的嘴巴，也就是無聲的角色，顯然，這時的瑪格麗特已流露出性格中偏屬“男性”的部分。
然而，當瑪格麗特正式走入政治，甚至是成為撒切爾夫人時，“男性”卻從她的性格變質為壹層不得不佩戴的面具、偽裝。片中，撒切爾夫人的幕僚向她說：“沒有人想被女人說教、威嚇。”尤其是在涉及經濟、軍事、國防、外交等方面的男性化的政治領域中更是如此，這表示撒切爾夫人必須以“男性”的身分站上政壇。因此，我們看到撒切爾夫人改變發型，使自己看起來更有氣勢；練習發聲，讓自己的聲音更有力，提升說話時的威嚴。氣勢、有力與威嚴，這些形容詞往往套用於“男性”身上，撒切爾夫人將之加諸於己，說穿了只是為了能夠躋身由男性所掌控的政治世界。
相較於處理政治時的“男性”身分，撒切爾夫人在面對丈夫丹尼斯（JimBroadbent飾）時則不時顯露出柔情的“女性”面相。這部分可藉由以下幾場戲看出：即使丹尼斯早已過世多年，撒切爾夫人仍不願收拾、整理他的遺物；當幕僚希望撒切爾夫人拿掉長久佩戴的珍珠項鍊時，她不願配合，只因那是丹尼斯在雙胞胎子女出生後送她的禮物；在旅館爆炸後，看到丹尼斯平安無事，撒切爾夫人害怕地說：“我以為我失去妳了。”相信觀眾從這些片斷不難感受到撒切爾夫人對丹尼斯的深情與依賴。此外，撒切爾夫人的情感不僅用於丹尼斯身上，也用在人民身上，特別是她親自提筆寫信慰問戰爭受害者家屬的壹幕最令我印象深刻。
撒切爾夫人以其“鐵娘子”形象闖蕩政壇，即使招致正反兩面的評價，亦無損於她在英國歷史上的位置。不過，如同張小虹在《後現代／女人：權力、欲望與性別表演》中所提：“但當我們說『女性同男性壹樣傑出』的同時，也許只是『女性依循男性的方式在男性的社會中，獲取男性的認可與贊許』。”撒切爾夫人之所以能有現在的地位，很難說不是藉著披上“男性”外衣而成功，但是，這也是無可奈何之事。“我這壹輩子每天都在打仗，也被男人低估。”撒切爾夫人如是說。女性想要在男性主導、充滿性別歧視的政治叢林中生存，甚至是占有壹席之地，將自己包裝在“男性”之下或許是壹條無從選擇的路徑，只是，這也使得年老的撒切爾夫人看到電視新聞中過往的自己時，不由得感嘆道：“我不認得我自己。”
回歸身為女人的自己
西蒙?波娃（SimonedeBeauvoir，1908-1986）曾說：“今日男人代表『肯定的』與『中性的』──也就是說，『男性』與『人』──而女人則只是『否定的』、『女性的』。”由此可見，當我們提及“人”時，泛指的其實是男人（這點從英文更能看出）。那麽，女人呢？又，以“男性”身分包裝的女人呢？
撒切爾夫人不願受限於傳統的“女性”框架裏，在丹尼斯求婚時，她說：“我絕對不會當小女人。”強烈要求丹尼斯理解她不想壹輩子窩在廚房，困在“家庭主婦”的角色中；接著，她還說：“人壹定要活得有意義。”顯見撒切爾夫人意圖打破“人=男人”的傳統，也不想委身於“女性的”之中，企盼單純以“人”的身分使自己完滿。然而，如同前述，在踏入政壇後，撒切爾夫人被迫偽裝成“男性”，汲汲營營於政治事業中，致使她失去了某些珍貴的東西：親子之情與自己。
片中壹幕：年邁的撒切爾夫人翻找出過去拍攝的家庭影像光盤，看到當中年幼的壹雙子女在海邊玩耍，不禁興起萬般感概；此時，丹尼斯的身影說：“妳可以倒帶，卻不能重來。”下個鏡頭，撒切爾夫人趕著開車到議會，拋下追著車，想跟她分享照片的子女。時間拉到現在，子女早已長大成人，兒子不在身邊，丈夫又過世，撒切爾夫人唯壹能抓住的只有幻影與過去的記憶，因此導演選擇破壞時間順序，不斷交錯現在與過去，讓觀眾更能體會記憶的片斷性；同時，藉由過往的意氣風發與現在的柔弱身軀的鮮明對比，襯托出隱藏在撒切爾夫人這位不凡女性之下，其實只是壹個平凡的人、壹位平凡的母親，以及平凡的瑪格麗特?撒切爾。
In 1918, the congress on behalf of "civil law", with more than 30 women have the right to vote, but it was not until 1928 that women's suffrage. In about 50 years, first appeared in Britain in 1979, so far the only female prime minister, she was Margaret thatcher (MargaretThatcher, 1925 -). Margaret thatcher became prime minister, seemingly successful break gender restrictions, in a sexist society ─ ─ especially male political tradition ─ ─ for a place, but the fact is really the case? British director Mr, lida Roy (PhyllidaLloyd), directed by the second plot long piece "the iron lady: strong tender feelings", on the surface is Mrs Thatcher's biography movie depicting the story, but in fact it was entertaining to get hidden in the "Gender" (Gender) in this paper.
The iron lady, Margaret thatcher's always two sides to everything
"Iron lady" (IronLady) derived from the former Soviet union, the media of Mrs Thatcher's calls, but also truthfully reflect her two sides: iron, its hardened, cold nature, can be characterized as "male"; Take it for granted that lady emphasizes "female" (" male "and" female "here refers to the formation of" social gender "the day after tomorrow). As Taiwan's producers under the subtitle, iron fortified with lady tender feelings, expressed by two distinct personality and at the same time slice of Margaret thatcher (MerylStreep).
Movie is now continuously interlaced with the past. Now is already quit politics, memory loss, rolls for grain shape 痀 of Margaret thatcher's time and space; The space and time are used to include Margaret (AlexandraRoach act the role ofing), as a young and when he became prime minister Margaret thatcher. Through the fragments of the past, we can see Margaret has not been involved in politics and the common women's difference, for example: standing among a group of men, listen to public topics related to speech; Talk about at the dinner table, the speech we should free-standing self-improvement, etc. In traditional ideas, the "female" should have closed mouth, also is the role of the silent, clearly, at this moment Margaret has showed partial is a "male" part of the character.
However, when Margaret formally into the political, and even become a Margaret thatcher, "male" from her to a layer of the character of the metamorphic had to wear the masks, camouflage. Production, Margaret thatcher's chief of staff, said to her: "no one wants to be a woman's sermon or intimidation." Especially in involving economic, military, national defense, diplomacy, etc, the masculine especially in the political field, which means that Mrs Thatcher must with the identity of "male" on politics. So we see Margaret thatcher change hair style, make yourself look more momentum; Vocal, let his voice is more powerful, spoke the majesty of the ascension. Momentum, powerful and majestic, these adjectives are often set for "male", Margaret thatcher will add to the already, after all is in order to be one of the political world dominated by men.
Compared with the "male" identity when dealing with political, Margaret thatcher in the face of her husband Dennis (JimBroadbent) from time to time when they are show tender feelings of "female" faces. This part can see by the following scene: even if Dennis had already passed away for many years, Margaret thatcher are reluctant to pick up, sort out his belongings; When staff wish Margaret thatcher removed when wearing a pearl necklace for a long time, she don't want to cooperate with, because it was Dennis in children after the birth of twins to send her gift; After the explosion in the hotel, see Dennis safe, Margaret thatcher afraid, and said, "I thought I lost you." Believe the audience from the fragments are not difficult to feel Margaret thatcher affectionate to Dennis and rely on. Moreover, Mrs Thatcher's emotion is not only used for Dennis, also used in people's body, especially her pen to write personally condolences to relatives of victims of war scene impresses me the most.
Margaret thatcher, with its "iron lady" image to make politics, even cause both sides of evaluation, also hurt her position in the history of Britain. But as hsiao-hung chang in the postmodern/woman: power, desire and gender performance of the proposed: "but when we say" women, like men outstanding "at the same time, maybe it's just the way women follow men in male society, get recognition and praise of a man"." Margaret thatcher can have status, it is hard to say not through a "male" cloak and success, however, this also is helpless. "I this lifetime fighting every day, also was underestimated by the man." Margaret thatcher said. Women want in a male dominated political survival in the jungle, full of gender discrimination, and even a place of their packaging under the "male" may be a no alternative path, just, it also makes the old lady thatcher saw television news in the past, I sighed: "I do not know myself."
Return to yourself as a woman
Simon, boa (SimonedeBeauvoir, 1908-1986) once said: "men today on behalf of the" yes "and" neutral "─ ─ that is to say," male "and" people "─ ─ and women are only" negative ", "female"." Thus, when we refer to "people", referring to the actually is a man can see more from English (this). So, a woman? Again, as "male" packing of woman?
Margaret thatcher won't limited by the traditional "female" in the framework, in Dennis to marry him, she said: "I will never be young woman." Strongly asked Dennis to understand she didn't want to a lifetime nest in the kitchen, trapped in the role of "housewife"; Then she said: "people must live meaningful." Obvious Mrs Thatcher's intent to break the traditional "= the man", also don't want to be committed in the "female", looking only to the identity of "person" to complete. However, as mentioned, after entering politics, Margaret thatcher was forced to pretend to be "male", homelands in political career, that she had lost some precious things: parents of love with her.
Movie scene: elderly lady thatcher rummage shooting family video discs in the past, see among young pair of children playing in the sea, can not help but rise so kindness; Figure at this time, Dennis said: "you can rewind, but not again." The next scene, Margaret thatcher was driving the drive to the parliament, left chasing the car, want to share photos with her children. Time to now, their children have grown up, and don't have my son, her husband died, Mrs Thatcher only to capture only the phantom and the memory of the past, so the director choose destruction of time sequence, continuously interlaced with the past now, and let the audience can understand more memory PianDuanXing; At the same time, by passing the high-spirited and frail body now stands in stark contrast, foil a hidden under Mrs Thatcher the uncommon women, is really just an ordinary man, an ordinary mother, as well as ordinary
中英的，如果嫌多可以照著翻譯刪壹下，，，，，望采納