at,on,by,then的區別是什麽

介詞在英語用詞裏也屬於難纏的壹個項目。因為它涉及方面很廣，而且變化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，記起來很麻煩。因此就有有心人弄了壹個《介詞口訣》來幫助學習者；也有人寫了《Preposition Song》令學習者壹面唱歌壹面輕松地記憶介詞的用法。介詞英文叫作Preposition (簡稱prep)，它由pre和position組成，pre是前面的意思，而position是位置的意思。因此以前中文譯作“前置詞”，就是壹種放在名詞(或相當於名詞的詞語)前面的虛詞。壹、常用的介詞about,above,across,after,against,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,by,down,during,except,for,from,in,inside,into,like,near,of,off,on,out,outside,over,since,through,throughout,till,to,toward,under,until,up,upon,with,without,according to,because of,by way of,in addition to,in front of,in place of,in regard to,in spite of,instead of,on account of,out of.哇，這麽壹大堆！別怕別怕，大部份的介詞都不難理解，比較令人頭痛的只是下列幾個：at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with其中又以 at, by, in, on 為四大“要犯"！學習介詞就是要抓住這幾"要犯"，看招吧，嘿嘿!!這回就談到這裏吧，噢，對了，下回就讓我們先來壹道《Preposition Song》洋餐吧。談談介詞(Preposition)(二)二、Preposition Song (括號內是壹部份介詞用法提示，是我加的)(本曲找不到原譜，但妳可以自己配上適當的。如下面簡單曲子就是例子：3212/333-/222-/333-/3212/333-/2232/111-//)1. In the summer at the seaside (季節用in, 在海邊用at)On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on)but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在聖誕用at)By the fireside we recline (放置) (在爐邊用by)2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)We came back to TanzaniaThen across Victoria sea3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽車用in)Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公***汽車用by, 乘火車用on)Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飛機用by)4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期壹用on)I′ll be home at half past three (時間三點半用at)Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (長達半小時用for)if you buy some beer for me (給我for me)5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (廚房裏in the kitchen)On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅邊near the chair)Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面 underneath...)Just behind the teapot there (在茶壺後邊behind...)7. Can you tell me how to get toMr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿著街道,round...繞過)Past the church and there you are8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那裏)First turn left,then go straight on,Along the road,across the market (沿著路along the road, 穿過市場 across...)It′s in front of you, dear John (在妳前面 in front of you)9. There is nothing on the radio (廣播on the radio)"Songs with orchestra" they said. (with後orchestra為有形物,無形物則用by)I′m not interested in music (interested in 興趣於)so I think I′ll go to bed10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻裏)With these prepositions-soI will say to you in Englishtill the next time, cheerio (加油呀) (till... 直到)怎樣？唱完十段歌詞，妳就學到許多介詞用法嘍。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,on。另外再加上許多蟲蟲蟻蟻，有的還得勞駕找壹找喔，呵呵。大家多唱幾遍，下回我們再見時，妳就更加胸有成“介”了，哈哈。談談介詞(Preposition)(三)這裏提供壹個學習介詞at, in, on 的幻燈片文件(PowerPoint)，可供初學者使用。其內容包括有關介詞用法課文、通過歌曲學介詞、通過壹個請柬學習介詞、測驗題。其中所有中文都是我附上的。為了配合這個幻燈片所介紹的三個介詞：at, in, on，下面我們較深入地介紹它們(附帶談by) 的用法。二、介詞at, in, on, by 表示地方、地點、位置:2.1 at 把地方、地點、位置當作壹個“點”：1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落裏2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等妳。3. at home 在家4. Who's standing there at the door? 誰站在門口？5. at the top of the page 在壹頁的上面6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。7. at the entrance 在進口處8. at the crossroads 在十字路口9. When will you arrive at the office? 妳什麽時候會到公司呢？10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法國巴黎。(相對法國來講，巴黎只是壹個“點”)11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山腳下有壹座小屋子。12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham. 我的姑媽住在Durham,Boretz 路門牌55號。(地址要用at，不能用in)13. at the side 在壹邊14. at reception 在招待會上15. I'm at work. 我在工作。16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家裏/圖書館/公司/學校2.2 in 把地方、地點、位置當作壹個範圍或壹個封閉的空間：1. I live in London. 我住在倫敦。(大城市用in)2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英國倫敦。(England大過London喔)3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在壹個小市鎮。(如果把city看做壹個圓圈，small town就成壹個點。因此就ina city, at a small town. 呵呵)4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我們有北京有壹個會議。5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太陽系裏。6. in a car 乘汽車 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )8. in a helicopter 乘直升機9. in a boat 乘小船10. in a lift (elevator) 乘電梯 (電梯像個籠子，當然要用 in 啦)11. in the newspaper 在報上12. in the sky 在空中13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寢室/課室/圖書館/學校2.3 on 把地方、地點、位置當作壹個平面：1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在書的封面上有作者的名字。2. There are no prices on this menu. 在這菜單上沒有價錢。3. You are standing on my foot. 妳踏到我的腳了。4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墻上有個“不準吸煙”的牌子。5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在倫敦牛津街21號八樓。(7th floor 就是八樓；註意句中的 on, at, in 的用法)6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)7. on a train 乘火車 (可想像“騎”在火車上，哈哈)8. on a plane 乘飛機 (可想像“騎”在飛機上)9. on a ship 乘輪船10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 騎自行車/摩托車11. on a horse, on an elephant 騎馬/象12. on the radio, on television 聽廣播、看電視13. on the left, on the right 在左邊、在右邊14. on the way 在路上15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)16. on the ceiling 在天花板上17. on the floor 在地板上2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、貼近、靠近之意)：1. by the fire 在爐邊2. by the seaside 在海邊3. a path by the river 沿河道路4. by the nearest road 走近路我想要記憶介詞的用法，就得用壹點想象力加以聯想。如：at home, at the door, atthe corner等等，可想象“at家門口的角落裏”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, ina taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象為“In 北京，乘汽車，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升機在空中飛”。下回我們將要談的是 at, in, on 用來表示時間的方面。再會！談談介詞(Preposition)(四)三、at, in, on, by 用來表示時間3.1 at (在、於)用指明壹特定的時間、節日、年齡：1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak 在黎明/在夜裏/在中午/在午夜/在日出時2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七點鐘去上學。3. at half past five (五點過半小時) 在五點半4. at a quarter to seven (過四分之壹小時就到七點) 六點四十五分5. The train is due at 12.15 p.m. (at 12.15p.m.) 那班火車的到站時間是12點15分。6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring Festival 在中秋節/ 在聖誕節 /在春節7. at forty 在四十歲時3.2 in (在、在…之內、在…期間、在…後、過…後) 指明：天、年、月、季節、周次：1. in the morning 在早上 (不可說at the morining。鬼才知道為什麽不可用at，大約因為at 沒有“在…期間”的意思吧 )2. in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午這段期間，呵呵,舉壹反三喔)3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜歡在晚上工作4. in the day time 在白天5. in 2002 (2002可讀作two thousand two) 在2002年6. He's to quit in May. (in May)他在五月就辭職了。7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他於2002年六月去東京。8. in the second week of July 在七月份的第二周9. It's too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天裏出外跑步是太冷了。10. in two months 在兩個月內11. in those days 在當時3.3 on (在…時、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、當…時候、和…同時、剛壹…)指明：日子、日期、星期加上早午晚1. on the first 在壹號(指某月壹號,如二號要說second等。其實意思是指某月的第幾天)2. We're having a party on the fifth of June. (或 on June the fifth) 我們會在六月五日舉行壹個晚會。3. on July the third 1990 在1990年7月3日4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥會在星期天來。5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上7. on the next morning 隔天早上8. on the following afternoon 在下壹個傍晚9. on the night before 在前壹個晚上10.on the morning of 5th 在五號的早上(妳可能會說為什麽不是in the morning? 如果妳把morning of 抽掉,就可看出原來是on the 5th嘍。morning 也可換成evening, afternoon)11. on the afternoon of his birthday 在他生日那天下午 (on the afternoon 不可用 in...，同上)3.4 by (的時候、到、等到…已經) 用在天、時間：1. by day 白天(的時候)2. by 2 o'clock 到兩點鐘3. by this time 等到現在(已經)…4. miss by a minute 遲壹分鐘要記住這些規則，可以用上回我們提到的“聯想法”。加油喔！再會。談談介詞(Preposition)(五)四、for, since 用於表示時間：4.1 我們用 for 用計量時間(年、月、日、時、分、秒等)1. He held his breath for five minutes. 他閉息達五分鐘。2. She's lived there for ten years. 她住在那裏已有十年。3. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries. 英國人和愛爾蘭人之間的爭吵已有七個世紀了。4.2 我們用 since 表示明確的日期或時間：1. He's woked here since 1980. 自從1970年他就在此工作。2. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty. 自兩點半她就坐在等候室了。五、表示動作的介詞：to ,toward或不用介詞：5.1 我們用 to 表示向某處移動：1. They were driving to work together. 他們壹同開車去工作。2. She's going to the destist's office this morning. 今早她去看牙醫。5.2 toward 表示移向某處：1. We're moving toward the light. 我們向燈光處移動。2. This is a big step towards the project's completion. 這是對於工程的完成前進了壹大步。5.3 不需要介詞的詞：home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,upstairs ...1. Grandma went upstairs.2. Rama went home.3. She came inside.六、介詞與名詞、形容詞、動詞的組合： 在英語裏介詞有時和其他的字緊密地組合在壹起，可以當作壹個詞來看待。這種組合很多，需要平時多加註意。6.1 名詞+介詞：1. approval of 批準2. awareness of 意識到3. grasp of 把握住4. hatred of 憎惡5. desire for 要求、願望6. fondness for 愛好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 樂觀)8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)9. reason for 有必須……的理由 (have reason for...)10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...)11. belief in 信任於12. interest in 對……有興趣13. success in 成功、成就