古詩詞大全網 - 成語解釋 - CFA考試中Giffen goods和Veblen goods 是什麽含義?

CFA考試中Giffen goods和Veblen goods 是什麽含義?

高頓CFA研究院為妳解答:

Giffen?goods(吉芬商品):

Are?inferior?goods

Demand?decreases?as?price?decreases,?demand?curve?has?positive?slope.

Negative?Income?effect?>?Positive?Substitution?effect

收入效應為負,且收入效應大於替代效應的次級商品為吉芬商品,隨著價格下降需求也下降,吉芬商品壹定是次級商品,但次級商品不壹定為吉芬商品。

Veblen?goods?(韋伯倫商品)

Demand?increase?as?price?rises,?goods?are?not?inferior?goods.

Demand?curve?has?positive?slope

Examples?of?Veblen?goods:?luxury?goods

韋伯倫商品有著正斜率的需求曲線,隨著價格上升需求上升,但韋伯倫商品不是次級商品,韋伯倫商品包括奢侈品。

異同點:

韋伯倫商品與吉芬商品有很多相似點,但實際兩者差異很大,吉芬商品不符合需求定理,或是說違反了需求法則,吉芬不是能代表地位的商品,因為收入的提高反而會削減購買吉芬商品的欲望,而韋伯倫商品,則會隨著價格升高而需求增大,是壹種炫耀性商品,並不違反需求定理。

下圖表示了負的收入效應大於正的替代效應,下降的價格會導致需求數量下降,對於個體來說,需求曲線的斜率為正;註意下圖中橫縱坐標的單位都是數量,初始面包需求量為Qa,當面包的價格下降時,由於替代效應消費者傾向於購買更多的面包,所以數量為Qb,而由於面包的收入效應為負,且大於替代效應,所以面包的需求數量又下降到Qc

例:Which of the following statements with respect to Giffen and Veblen goods is least accurate?

A.?Both types of goods violate the fundamental axioms of demand theory.

B. Giffen goods are “inferior goods” whereas Veblen goods are “status” goods.

C. Both types of goods demonstrate the possibility of a positively sloping demand curve.

答案:A

解析:A is correct. Giffen goods?violate the fundamental axioms of demand theory, but Veblen goods do not.

(該資料來源於高頓CFA研究院:/zhinan/aboutcfa.html)