The study of airflow over and around an object and an intrinsic part of Formula One car design.
空氣動力學是對物體四周以及加載在其上的氣流研究，它也是F1賽車設計的靈魂所在
Apex 彎道頂點
The middle point of the inside line around a corner at which drivers aim their cars.
位於彎道內側線的中點，是車手駕駛賽車理想行駛路線的經過處
Appeal 上訴
An action that a team takes on its drivers' behalf if it feels that they have been unfairly penalised by the race officials.
這是當車隊認為自己受到賽會不公正處罰時，車隊對維護車手利益的壹種舉措
Ballast 壓艙物
Weights fixed around the car to maximise its balance and bring it up to the minimum weight limit.
為盡可能保持車身重量平衡和滿足最輕車身重量要求，而對賽車各處進行重量修整用的物體
Bargeboard 側箱整流板
The piece of bodywork mounted vertically between the front wheels and the start of the sidepods to help smooth the airflow around the sides of the car.
在前車輪與側箱起始點之間垂直安裝的壹個車身組件（擾流板之類），以使車身側部的氣流更加平穩
Blistering 過熱（使賽車輪胎脫皮 ）
The consequence of a tyre, or part of a tyre, overheating. Excess heat can cause rubber to soften and break away in chunks from the body of the tyre. Blistering can be caused by the selection of an inappropriate tyre compound (for example, one that is too soft for circuit conditions), too high tyre pressure, or an improperly set up car.
輪胎的壹種嚴重後果，或者說輪胎的的部分過熱。多余的熱量會造成橡膠變軟以及使橡膠從輪胎中剝落。造成脫皮的現象可能是由於錯誤地選擇了輪胎合成物質（例如，對於環形路況過軟的輪胎是不適合的），過高的輪胎氣壓，又或者是不正確的車身較調等原因。
Bodywork 車體（可不可以理解為車身組件呢？）
The carbon fibre sections fitted onto the monocoque before the cars leave the pits, such as the engine cover, the cockpit top and the nosecone.
賽車在駛出維修站之前給單體車身安裝的碳纖維組件，例如像引擎機罩，駕駛艙頂部和前鼻錐。
Bottoming 托底
When a car's chassis hits the track surface as it runs through a sharp compression and reaches the bottom of its suspension travel.
當車身底盤與賽道表面發生刮擦時，是因為賽車此時正急劇的擠壓，並且正好位於車身懸掛行程的低點。
Brake balance 制動平衡
A switch in the cockpit to alter the split of the car's braking power between the front and the rear wheels according to a driver's wishes.
位於駕駛艙內的壹個轉換開關，可以由車手意願單獨控制前後車輪的制動力度。
Chassis 底盤
The main part of a racing car to which the engine and suspension are attached is called the chassis.
底盤－大家應該都司空見慣了，F1的車子也得使這壹玩意，它是用於承載引擎以及懸掛系統的壹賽車重要組成部分。
Chicane 減速彎（組合彎？）
A tight sequence of corners in alternate directions. Usually inserted into a circuit to slow the cars, often just before what had been a high-speed corner.
壹組在不同方向上的緊湊銜接的彎道。通常將其布局在賽道的目的就是減緩賽車車速，壹般處於高速賽段後。
Clean air 無擾流氣體（平穩氣體環境）
Air that isn't turbulent, and thus offers optimum aerodynamic conditions, as experienced by a car at the head of the field.
這個東東並不是亂流，所以可以為最佳空氣動力提供條件，例如像經驗老道地行駛在陣容的前部。
Cockpit 駕駛艙
The section of the chassis in which the driver sits.
底盤中車手乘坐的部分。
Compound 復合材料（輪胎面）
Tread compound is the part of any tyre in contact with the road and therefore one of the major factors in deciding tyre performance. The ideal compound is one with maximum grip but which still maintains durability and heat resistance. A typical Formula One race compound will have more than ten ingredients such as rubbers, polymers, sulphur, carbon black, oil and other curatives. Each of these includes a vast number of derivatives any of which can be used to a greater or lesser degree. Very small changes to the mix can change compound performance.
輪胎貼地復合材料是輪胎中與賽道路面最為密切的部分，因此它是決定輪胎性能的主要因素之壹。理想的復合材料就是要使輪胎獲得最大的抓地力，但又能保持良好的耐久力和耐熱性。壹般的F1方程式賽車的復合胎面材料擁有上十種配料，例如：橡膠、高分子材料、硫、黑煙末、油和其他添加物質。這裏的每種材料都包含了大量的衍生物質，任何壹種都可以不同程度量多或量少地進行配比使用。混合配比中非常小的變化就能改變復合材料的性能。
Diffuser 氣流擴散裝置
The rear section of the car's floor or undertray where the air flowing under the car exits. The design of the diffuser is crucial as it controls the speed at which the air exits. The faster its exit, the lower the air pressure beneath the car, and hence the more downforce the car generates.
賽車底盤或者底部的後端部分，是氣流從車身下方流出的出口。因為它能控制氣流的離開速度，所以它的設計是非常關鍵的。氣流離開速度愈快，氣流在車身下方的頂升壓力就愈小，可以使賽車獲得更大的下壓力。
Downforce 下壓力
The aerodynamic force that is applied in a downwards direction as a car travels forwards. This is harnessed to improve a car's traction and its handling through corners.
當賽車向前運行時，向下方向加載在車身上的壹組空氣動力。它對提升賽車牽引力以及過彎性能是非常有用的。
Drag 風阻
The aerodynamic resistance experienced as a car travels forwards.
賽車運行時所受到的空氣動力阻力。
Drive-through penalty 穿越維修站處罰
One of two penalties that can be handed out at the discretion of the Stewards whilst the race is still running. Drivers must enter the pit lane, drive through it complying with the speed limit, and re-join the race without stopping.
在比賽進行中，賽會組織可以給出兩種處罰，其中之壹就是車手以規則要求的限定速度穿過維修通道然後再重新投入比賽，並且期間不允許進站。(這個過程壹般要多消耗車手20多秒的時間)
Flat spot 磨平點
The term given to the area of a tyre that is worn heavily on one spot after a moment of extreme braking or in the course of a spin. This ruins its handling, often causing severe vibration, and may force a driver to pit for a replacement set of tyres.
這個專業術語用於描述輪胎磨損嚴重區域，壹般發生在緊急制動後或者在車身打轉過程中。它會破壞賽車的操控性，經常造成嚴重的車身震動，並可能使車手被迫進站更換輪胎。
Formation lap 編隊圈（熱胎圈）
The lap before the start of the race when the cars are driven round from the grid to form up on the grid again for the start of the race. Sometimes referred to as the warm-up lap or parade lap.
在正式比賽之前，每輛賽車從起點發車行駛壹圈後，再重新依次排好名次以準備開始正賽。有時也被稱為熱胎圈或者是隊列圈。
G-force G力 （加速度，以1個重力G為基本單位）
A physical force equivalent to one unit of gravity that is multiplied during rapid changes of direction or velocity. Drivers experience severe G-forces as they corner, accelerate and brake.
在快速變向或變速過程中，車手受到的外力是多項作用力疊加的結果，壹般以壹個重力加速度為單位。車手在轉彎、加速和剎車時就能感受到這種劇烈的加速度。
Graining 輪胎顆粒化
When a car slides, it can cause little bits or rubber ('grains') to break away from the tyre's grooves. These then stick to the tread of the tyre, effectively separating the tyre from the track surface very slightly. For the driver, the effect is like driving on ball bearings. Careful driving can clear the graining within a few laps, but will obviously have an effect on the driver's pace. Driving style, track conditions, car set-up, fuel load and the tyre itself all play a role in graining. In essence, the more the tyre moves about on the track surface (ie slides), the more likely graining is.
當賽車側滑時，輪胎溝槽處的壹些小片或細小顆粒的橡膠就會從輪胎上掙脫。然後這些小顆粒就緊緊貼在輪胎表面，這就事實上使輪胎與賽道有輕微的脫離。對車手而言，那種感覺就像是坐在滾珠軸承上。穩當的駕駛壹定距離就能夠將顆粒清除，但是這顯然會打亂車手的節奏。駕駛風格、賽道路況、車身較調、載油量和輪胎本身都是有可能造成輪胎顆粒化的原因。事實上，賽車在賽道上滑動愈多（例如側滑），輪胎顆粒化的現象就愈嚴重。
Gravel trap 砂石緩沖帶
A bed of gravel on the outside of corners designed with the aim of bringing cars that fall off the circuit to a halt.
在彎道外側壹般要設計砂石帶，可以使從賽道甩出的賽車停止下來，總的說就是起到緩沖作用。
Grip 抓地力
The amount of traction a car has at any given point, affecting how easy it is for the driver to keep control through corners.
在任意壹已知位置賽車所擁有的牽引力總和，直接決定車手在過彎時的操控難易程度。
Installation lap 測試圈
A lap done on arrival at a circuit, testing functions such as throttle, brakes and steering before heading back to the pits without crossing the finish line.
壹般車隊壹抵達賽道，就會讓賽車完成壹圈以測試其功能，例如油門、制動裝置和轉向等。（壹圈末了直接駛回維修站而不用穿過終點線）
Jump start 搶發車（偷跑 ）
When a driver moves off his grid position before the five red lights have been switched off to signal the start. Sensors detect premature movement and a jump start earns a driver a penalty.
在五盞紅燈熄滅－－發車信號給出之前就開始移動為搶發車。傳感器可以檢測到每量賽車是否提早移動，如果“偷跑”將會給車手相應的處罰。
KERS 運動能量回收系統
Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems, or KERS, are legal from 2009 onwards. KERS recover waste kinetic energy from the car during braking, store that energy and then make it available to propel the car. The driver has access to the additional power for limited periods per lap, via a 'boost button' on the steering wheel.
動態能量回收系統，或作縮寫KERS，是從09年開始實行的法規。KERS能夠在賽車剎車時回收其損耗能量，加以儲存並使其能有效地驅動賽車。車手必須在每圈限定的時間內通過方向盤上的“驅動按鈕”使用該能源。
題外話：壹直高度商業化的F1現如今也“參雜”了壹點公***事業的責任感，並且以賽車性能為代價，於我看來FIA對KERS的強制使用有點“雞肋”之嫌，不管怎麽說，做總比不做好！
Left-foot braking 左腳剎車
A style of braking made popular in the 1990s following the arrival of hand clutches so that drivers could keep their right foot on the throttle and dedicate their left to braking.
源於手動離合的出現，在上世紀90年代這種類型的制動方式開始流行，這種方式可以使駕駛者保持用右腳控制油門的方式，而騰出左腳進行剎車操作。
Lollipop 棒棒糖人 維修站機械團隊的Leader，名字很cool，老外真有想象力
The sign on a stick held in front of the car during a pit stop to inform the driver to apply the brakes and then to engage first gear prior to the car being lowered from its jacks.
賽車進站後，棒棒糖人在賽車前舉著個牌牌－信號牌（那真是顯擺啊！ ），通過觀察機械師的工作情況，告訴車手何時剎車，接著（完成輪胎更換後）通知車手在賽車從升起架上落下之前將賽車打到1檔－掛檔起步。
Marshal 馬歇爾 賽道工人
A course official who oversees the safe running of the race. Marshals have several roles to fill, including observing the spectators to ensure they do not endanger themselves or the competitors, acting as fire wardens, helping to remove stranded cars/drivers from the track and using waving flags to signal the condition of the track to drivers.
在比賽時負責監視賽道安全的工作人員。其扮演了多個角色，留意觀眾確保他們和車手不受到傷害，作為消防員需要將停留在賽道上的出事賽車或車手移開，並通過揮舞信號旗給其他仍在比賽的車手提供當前賽道信息。
Monocoque 單車體
The single-piece tub in which the cockpit is located, with the engine fixed behind it and the front suspension on either side at the front.
用於固定駕駛艙的單壹整體賽車外殼，它後面安裝的是發動機，前懸安裝在其前部的任意壹側。
Oversteer 轉向過度
When a car's rear end doesn't want to go around a corner and tries to overtake the front end as the driver turns in towards the apex.
Paddles
Levers on either side of the back of a steering wheel with which a driver changes up and down the gearbox.This often requires opposite-lock to correct, whereby the driver turns the front wheels into the skid.
Paddock
An enclosed area behind the pits in which the teams keep their transporters and motor homes. There is no admission to the public.
Parc ferme
A fenced-off area into which cars are driven after qualifying and the race, where no team members are allowed to touch them except under the strict supervision of race stewards.
Pit board
A board held out on the pit wall to inform a driver of his race position, the time interval to the car ahead or the one behind, plus the number of laps of the race remaining.
Pit wall
Where the team owner, managers and engineers spend the race, usually under an awning to keep sun and rain off their monitors.
Pits
An area of track separated from the start/finish straight by a wall, where the cars are brought for new tyres and fuel during the race, or for set-up changes in practice, each stopping at their respective pit garages.
Plank
A hard wooden strip (also known as a skid block) that is fitted front-to-back down the middle of the underside of all cars to check that they are not being run too close to the track surface, something that is apparent if the wood is excessively worn.
Pole position
The first place on the starting grid, as awarded to the driver who recorded the fastest lap time in qualifying.
Practice
The periods on Friday and on Saturday morning at a Grand Prix meeting when the drivers are out on the track working on the set-up of their cars in preparation for qualifying and the race.
Protest
An action lodged by a team when it considers that another team or competitor has transgressed the rules.
Qualifying
The knock-out session on Saturday in which the drivers compete to set the best time they can in order to determine the starting grid for the race.
Reconnaissance lap
A lap completed when drivers leave the pits to assemble on the grid for the start. If a driver decides to do several, they must divert through the pit lane as the grid will be crowded with team personnel.
Retirement
When a car has to drop out of the race because of an accident or mechanical failure.
Ride height
The height between the track's surface and the floor of the car.
Safety Car
The course vehicle that is called from the pits to run in front of the leading car in the race in the event of a problem that requires the cars to be slowed.
Scrutineering
The technical checking of cars by the officials to ensure that none are outside the regulations.
Sectors
For timing purposes the lap is split into three sections, each of which is roughly a third of the lap. These sections are officially known as Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3.
Shakedown
A brief test when a team is trying a different car part for the first time before going back out to drive at 100 percent to set a fast time.
Sidepod
The part of the car that flanks the sides of the monocoque alongside the driver and runs back to the rear wing, housing the radiators.
Slipstreaming
A driving tactic when a driver is able to catch the car ahead and duck in behind its rear wing to benefit from a reduction in drag over its body and hopefully be able to achieve a superior maximum speed to slingshot past before the next corner.
'Splash and dash'
A pit stop in the closing laps of the race when a driver calls in for just a few litres of fuel to be sure of making it to the finish.
Steward
One of three high-ranking officials at each Grand Prix appointed to make decisions.
Stop-go penalty
A penalty given that involves the driver calling at his pit and stopping for 10 seconds - with no refuelling or tyre-changing allowed.
Tear-off strips
See-through plastic strips that drivers fit to their helmet's visor before the start of the race and then remove as they become dirty.
Telemetry
A system that beams data related to the engine and chassis to computers in the pit garage so that engineers can monitor that car's behaviour.
Torque
Literally, the turning or twisting force of an engine, torque is generally used as a measure of an engine's flexibility. An engine may be very powerful, but if it has little torque then that power may only be available over a limited rev range, making it of limited use to the driver. An engine with more torque - even if it has less power - may actually prove quicker on many tracks, as the power is available over a far wider rev range and hence more accessible. Good torque is particularly vital on circuits with a number of mid- to slow-speed turns, where acceleration out of the corners is essential to a good lap time.
Traction
The degree to which a car is able to transfer its power onto the track surface for forward progress.
Traction control
A computerised system that detects if either of a car's driven (rear) wheels is losing traction - ie spinning - and transfers more drive to the wheel with more traction, thus using its more power efficiently. Outlawed from the 2008 season onwards.
Turbulence
The result of the disruption of airflow caused by an interruption to its passage, such as when it hits a rear wing and its horizontal flow is spoiled.
Tyre compound
The type of rubber mix used in the construction of a tyre, ranging from soft through medium to hard, with each offering a different performance and wear characteristic.
Tyre warmer
An electric blanket that is wrapped around the tyres before they are fitted to the car so that they will start closer to their optimum operating temperature.
Understeer
Where the front end of the car doesn't want to turn into a corner and slides wide as the driver tries to turn in towards the apex.
Undertray
A separate floor to the car that is bolted onto the underside of the monocoque.