古詩詞大全網 - 成語查詢 - 主謂壹致語法總結是什麽?

主謂壹致語法總結是什麽?

主謂壹致有三種壹致原則,即:

壹. 語法壹致;

二. 概念壹致(語言內容上壹致);

三. 相鄰壹致(就近原則)。

具體講解:

壹.?語法壹致;

1、單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子做主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語,用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語,謂語動詞則用復數形式。例如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.?

為人民服務是我最大的幸福。

Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.?

我們是否去要取決於天氣的好壞。

2、當如下詞或短語,如:

as well as/with/along with/like/ together with/ rather than/except but/including/

accompanied by/ plus/besides/in addition to/no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語後

面,不能看作是並列主語,該主語不受這些詞組引導的插入語的影響,主語如是單數,其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。

The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.?

教材加上參考書對大學學生是非常有益的。

The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.

那個人和他妻兒老小坐在沙發上看電視。

3、有些代詞只能指單數可數名詞,當它們在句子中做主語時,盡管在意義上是多數,謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有:

either,? neither,? each one, the other ,another,somebody ,someone,? something,anyone,? anything,? anybody,everyone,? everything,? everybody,no one,? nothing ,nobody; 例如:

Neither likes the friends of the other.?

兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。

Everything around us is matter.?

我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。

4、當and連結的兩個名詞是指同壹個人或同壹件事,and後的名詞前沒有冠詞,謂語動詞應該用單數形式;在and後面的名詞前有冠詞,謂語就用復數形式。例如:

The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早飯供應黃油面包。

The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黃油和面包。

5、當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:

One of those students has passed the examination.?

這些學生只有壹個考試及格了。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.?

為語音課提前準備了壹系列錄音磁帶。

6、由one and a half + 復數名詞或the majority of + 名詞做主語時,謂語動詞視名詞的單復數形式而定。例如:

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.?

大部分的損壞品都容易修理。

One and a half students are reading English.

大部分學生在讀英語。

7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數與不可數名詞做主語時,不可數名詞的謂語只用單數,可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單復數而定。例如:

There is plenty of water in the pail.?

桶裏還有好多水。

There are plenty of eggs in the box.?

箱子裏有好多雞蛋。

8、由more than one (或more than one + 單數名詞),many a + 單數名詞做主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:

More than one student has passed the examination.

不止壹個學生通過了這次考試。

Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.?

許多孩子在認字前就學會了遊泳。

9、如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分數或百分數 + of + 名詞”,謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決於of後的名詞或代詞的單、復數形式。例如:

Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed.?

四分之三多的土地已經收回了。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.?

到場的三分之二的人都反對這個計劃。

10、定語從句謂語動詞的單復數形式應與先行詞壹致。例如:

He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.

被選出來代表該組的人他是其中之壹。

“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.?

“鎮靜”是事故發生時應當牢記的第壹條原則。

二. 概念壹致原則:

1、有些集合名詞如crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它們做主語時,謂語動詞的數要根據語言內容而定。如果它們作為壹個集體單位時,動詞用單數形式,如就其中的各個成員來說,則謂語用復數形式。例如:

His family is going to move.?

他準備搬家。

His family are very well.?

他家人身體都好。

2、有些表示總體意義的名詞,形式上是單數,而意義上卻是復數,謂語動詞要用復數形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry等。例如:

The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.?

警察正在搜尋壹位膚色黝黑、長胡子的高個子男人。

3、有些名詞形式上是復數,而意義上卻是單數。如news, means, works.還有許多以-ics結尾的學科名稱,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它們做主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:

Politics is a complicated business.?

政治學是壹門復雜的東西。

Here is the news.?

下面播送新聞。

4、用and連接的單數主語,前面有each, every, many a, no等修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語與each連用時,應不受each的影響,謂語動詞仍用復數形式。例如:

Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.?

每個男孩、女孩都是以同樣的方式對待的。

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.?

很多姑娘小夥子都見過。

The old workers and the young each have their own tools.?

青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。

5、表示重量、度量、衡量、價值的復數名詞做主語,謂語動詞常用單數形式。例如:

Twenty miles is a long way to walk.?

二十裏地可是個不近的路程。

Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.

三品脫還不至於把我灌醉。

6、the +形容詞作主語時,如主語指的是壹類人,謂語動詞用復數形式;如果指的是單個人或抽象概念,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如:

The departed was a good friend of his.?

離開者是他的壹位好友。

The old are playing Beijing Opera there.

老人們正在那表演京劇。

三. 就近原則:

相鄰壹致是指謂語動詞的人稱和數常常與最近作主語的詞語保持壹致.常出現在這類句子中的連詞有:or, either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

不是我,就是他們要對那件事的結局負責任.

Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的話,也不是那不友好的態度讓我沮喪.

Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.

不僅僅是他,而且是他全家人都很熱衷於音樂會.

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.

他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

註意:謂語動詞用復數:

1、復數主語,用and或both…and連接

2、形式上是單數,實際表示復數意思

謂語動詞用單數

1. 單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子做主語

2. 形式上是復數,實際上是單數neither, everything

3.? one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語