仔細研究近年高考題,我們不難發現強調句倍受出題者的青睞。在近五年的高考試卷中考查這壹語法現象的試題就有19個,已經成為高考的熱點。命題者加大了對句子結構復雜程度和知識面的考查,同時註重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度。例如,在2008年高考試題中,在考查強調句的同時考查了定語從句、時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句,強調了學生綜合把握語法知識的能力。這就要求我們在平時的復習和備考中註意總結,全面把握,深入研究。下面我結合本人的教學經驗把對這壹語法的規律和大家***同探討壹下,希望能對同學們的學習有所幫助。我認為強調句有以下四大考點:
(1)考查強調句式的基本結構
(2)考查含有“not…until…”句型的強調句式
(3)考查強調句式的疑問句
(4)考查強調句式的正確判斷
二、方法技巧點撥
我們在平時的復習備考中應盡量做到:
1.考前應認真研讀高考題目,了解高考題目的立意方向和設問風格,做到知彼知己,百戰不殆。
2.加強語法專項練習,反復訓練,確保記憶準確,掌握牢固。
3.要真正理解,切莫機械記憶,註意知識間的交叉。註意強調句和其他幾種從句的關系,認真對照,找出異同,做到舉壹反三。
4.掌握強調句的基本式及其變式,高考的考查方向壹向以實用為主,故可能會在長句中考查。建議大家從題型入手,仔細分析強調句的內部結構,以不變應萬變。
5. 建議大家盡力在寫作中靈活運用強調句來表達,對文章加以潤色,增加文章“閃光點”,增長作文“得分點”。
三、強調句的有關知識
1.定義:強調句型是通過it強調詞來改變句子結構,使句子的某壹成分受到強調而構成的強調結構
2、基本結構:
(1) 陳述句的強調句型:It is/ was + 被強調部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+ that/ who(當強調主語且主語指人)+ 其它部分。強調句可以強調除謂語以外的壹切成分。下面我們針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進行強調。
強調主語:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
強調賓語:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
強調地點狀語:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
強調時間狀語:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
(2) 壹般疑問句的強調句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?
(3) 特殊疑問句的強調句型:被強調部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?
e.g. When was it that you were born?
我們需要註意的是:第壹、構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義;強調句中的連接詞壹般只用that, who,即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此,that, who不可省略。
第二、It's ....that/who....的強調句型只是為了強調某壹成分,而不充當成分。所以它和It作形式主語,真正的主語從句後置的情況有所不同。
我們壹起看下面兩個例句:
1.It's necessary that we should learn English.(主語從句)
2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(強調句型)
解析:因為強調句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充當任何成分。所以去掉後句子依然完整。
例子2去掉It's....that/who....後就成了
until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉後句子則不完整。
(4) not … until … 句型的強調句
1、句型為:It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his son came back.
強調句:It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.
2、註意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是強調句型,till, until可通用;因為句型中It is/ was not … 已經是否定句了,that後面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
備註:同學們在平時的學習和復習中壹定要註意辨析強調句型與定語從句、主語從句、狀語從句的異同。
3. 謂語動詞的強調
1、It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語,如果需要強調謂語時,用助動詞do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 務必請坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給妳寫了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時,務必(千萬)要小心啊!
2、註意:此種強調只用do/ does和did ,沒有別的形式;過去時用did ,後面的謂語動詞用原形。
四、高考試題分析(08年各地高考試題)
1. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全國II 20)
A. that B. how C. which D. when
解析:此句意為“伊利莎白第壹次見到史密斯是在新西蘭。”考查強調句型的用法。It is/was+被強調部分+that/who從句。如果把 It was以及that去掉的話,句子就變成了in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.句子仍然完整。
答案:A
點評:本句是對地點狀語的強調。構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義;強調句中的連接詞壹般只用that, who,即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此。
2. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site. (2008 重慶卷 22)
A .that B. when C. while D. as
解析:句意:他們直到半夜才到達宿營地。本句考查強調結構,可以還原為:They didn’t reach the camp site until midnight. 這是含有until引導狀語從句的強調句型。當強調 until從句部分時,應註意把not壹起提前。即:It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分。
答案:A
點評:本題考查的是強調句型。強調句型是高考熱點,加入not…until句型,加強了對交叉知識的考查,增加對強調句式考查難度。
3. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. (2008’NMET 天津卷 8)
A. how B. which C. that D. where
解析:句意:正是在密西西比河岸馬克?吐溫度過了他孩提時代的大部分時光。本題考查強調句。如果把It was以及that 去掉,原句就成了along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.句子仍然完整。
答案:C
點評:強調句型中對時間或地點狀語考查時往往有相應介詞,如本句中的介詞along.做這類試題時最好用還原法解答。
五、提升訓練
1. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
2.when was it you called me yesterday?
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
4. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
5. It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. [2007 上海春]
A.where B.what C.that D.when
6. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. [2007 浙江卷]
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
7. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重慶卷]
A. which B. it C. that D. this
8.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.
A.since B.which C.that D.when.
9.It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?
A.wasn’t it B.was it C.didn’t they D.did they
10.When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.
A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it
Keys
1-5 ABDBC 6-10.DCCAA
很完整的了 我是英語教師 不懂可以HI