如下:
壹、定於從句:定語從句是指用壹個完整的句子做定語去修飾限定前面的名詞或者代詞,它屬於後置定語。
1、限制性定語從句不用逗號與主句隔開。
例:I have a sister who is a doctor.(限制性定語從句)我有壹個當醫生的姐姐。
2、非限制性定語從句需使用逗號和主句隔開。
例:I have a sister, who is a doctor.(非限制性定語從句)我有壹個姐姐,她是當醫生的。
二、定語從句的關系詞。
引導定語從句的關系詞分為:關系代詞和關系副詞。
常見的關系代詞有:who, that,whom, whose, which等;在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。
常見的關系副詞有:where,when,why等;在從句中作狀語。
三、定語從句中關系代詞的用法。
1、當先行詞是人時:關系代詞who和that既可以做主語,又可以作賓語,而且作賓語時可以省略。
例如:Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?(作主語)
2、其中whom只作賓語。
例如:The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.(作賓語)
3、當先行詞是物時:關系代詞which和that既可以做主語,又可以作賓語,而且作賓語時可以省略。
例如:The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主語)
4、whose既可以指人,也可以指物;that既可以指人,也可以指物。
例如:The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.(作賓語)
5、whose既可以指人,也可以指物;在從句中作定語,形式為“whose+名詞”表所屬關系,即誰的。
例如:Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?
I live in a house whose windows face south.
四、定於從句中只用which不用that的情況:
(1)which引導非限制性定語從句,that則不能。
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.
(2)在介詞提前的定語從句中,只用which不用that。
This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live.
先行詞本身是that時,只能用which。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
五、關系副詞引導的定語從句。
1、when指時間在定語從句中作時間狀語也可做連接詞用。
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點在定語從句中作地點狀語。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語從句中作原因狀語,用在reason後面。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.