古詩詞大全網 - 古詩大全 - 英語後綴變化有什麽規律?

英語後綴變化有什麽規律?

後綴是壹種重要的構詞法,通過後綴我們常常可以判斷出壹個詞的詞性。下面分四大類分別講解壹些常見後綴及其含義:

壹、名詞後綴

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:

1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業或參與某種活動的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor

2.-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet

3.-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette 2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette 3)女性(female)例詞: usherette

4.-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress

5.-hood意為:時期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood

6.-ship意為:才能,狀態,資格,品質等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship

7.-ful意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful

8.-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態,行動等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)機構等(institution;etc.)例詞: organization,foundation

9.-ment意為:狀態,行動等(state; action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement

10.-al意為:動作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal

11.-age意為:程度,數量等(extent; amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage

12.-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態,品質(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability

13.-ism意為:道義,主義,學說等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism

二、動詞後綴

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:

1.-ify意為:轉為,變為(to turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify, diversify,simplify

2.-ize;-en意為:使……,變得……(to make or become ;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten

3.-ate意為:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate

三、形容詞後綴:

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:

1.-ful意為:充滿,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful

2.-less意為:沒有,無(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless

3.-ly意為:有……品質的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly

4.-like意為:像……的(like)例詞: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like

5.-y;-ish意為:像……壹般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish

6.-some意為:像……壹樣的;引起……的;有……品質的(like;causing; having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome

7.-able(ible)意為:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例詞: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible

8.-ed意為:有……的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped

9.-al意為:有……屬性的,……類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical

10.-ary(ory)意為:屬於……的,與……相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory

11.-ous意為:富含……的;有……品質的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious

12.-ic(ical)意為:……類的;屬於……的(typical of;belonging to)例詞: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic

13.-ive意為:有……屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

四、副詞後綴

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:

1.-ly意為:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)

例詞:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely

2.-ward(s)意為:表示方式或動作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)

3.-wise意為:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as

far as ...is concerned)例詞:weatherwise ,educationwise

有壹個原因的單音節詞,結尾只有壹個單音輔音,在加以元音後綴是,要雙寫這個輔音.例詞:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting