把整個謂語放在主語前面的倒裝形式稱為"完全倒裝".完全倒裝有以下幾種形式:
1.由引導詞there開頭的句子中,常用完全倒裝.能用於這種結構的動詞除了be外,還有appear, seem, look, remain,exist, lie, stand等.例如:
There stands a bridge across the river.
There appears (to be) a man in black in the distance.
2. 由副詞here, there,now,then等開頭的句子中,如果主語為名詞,而謂語是be, come, go壹類的動詞時,整個句子應采用完全倒裝語序.例如:
Here is the book you want.
Now comes your turn.
3. 為了生動地描寫動作, in, out, away, up, down, off等副詞可以放在句首,形成倒裝.例如:
Away flew the bird.
Up went the rocket into the air.
4.當句子主語較長時,常將作表語的形容詞、介詞短語、過去分詞及現在分詞等置於句首,形成完全倒裝.例如:
In the far distance came the thunder of guns of our main attack force.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
二、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指把謂語的壹部分,即助動詞、情態動詞置於主語之前,也就是說把句子變成壹般疑問句語序.
1.如果句子開頭是壹些含有否定意義的詞或短語,如never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, not, at no time, in vain, no sooner...than, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, by no means等,就應采用部分倒裝語序.例如:
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
2.在以if引導的虛擬條件句中,如果謂語含有had, were, should等詞時,if可省略,而采用倒裝的語序來表示虛擬的條件.例如:
Were the manager here now, he would make a decision.
Had I not been able to swim, I would have got drowned.
3.句首狀語若是由"only+副詞"、"only+介詞短語"、"only+狀語從句"構成,句子用部分倒裝.例如:
Only on Sundays do they eat with their children.
Only when he had done it did he realize it wasn't an easy job.
4.由as引導的讓步狀語從句,可用倒裝結構.例如:
Pitch-dark as was the night, I still found my home.
Strange as it may appear, it is true.
5.在以so, nor, neither開頭的句子中,如果前句所說的情況也適應於另壹人或事物,采用倒裝語序.例如:
I enjoyed the play and so did my mother.
He can't do it, nor can I.