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高考英語拿高分的改錯技巧

高考英語拿高分必備的改錯技巧

短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則

 1. 句中各部分的結構是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;

 2. 謂語動詞的時態、語態;

 3. 非謂語動詞的用法;

 4. 名詞的單、復數,格的使用是否正確;

 5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;

 6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;

 7. 定語從句中關系代詞、關系副詞是否準確無誤;

 8. 並列句中的並列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。

短文改錯解題四原則

 改動以最少為原則;

 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;

 實詞以改變詞形為原則;

 以保持句子原意為原則。

解題註意要點和能力培養

 1. 核對錯項時,若的確有壹時難以改出的'地方,可以參考所改動項是否基本符合?1:1:8?的比例。即多壹詞1個,缺詞1個,錯詞8個。

 2. 核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣,壹般不會出現重復考查某個語法點的現象。

 3. 核對答題符號是否規範,位置是否準確,看看有無遺漏符號、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。

解題思路(三步解題法)

 第壹步:快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時態、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標記自己壹眼就能看出的錯誤。

 第二步:細讀文章,找出錯誤並改正。壹般要結合文章的上下文以及出題規律來做題。

 第三步:代入正確答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。

出題規律及破解關鍵

 高考短文改錯壹般會在以下八個方面進行設題。

 1. 動詞:主要考查時態、主謂壹致和固定搭配。例如:

 ①時態混用

 Then the trouble started. We can?t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.

 (很顯然此段的主時態是壹般過去式,因此應把can?t改為couldn?t。)

 ②主謂不壹致

 There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.

 (a football game決定了謂語動詞用單數,故應該把were改為was。)

 ③固定搭配

 He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.

 (give up doing sth.是固定用法,故動詞buy應該改為buying。)

 2. 名詞:主要考查單復數混用。例如:

 Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.

 (表示?年齡多大了?應該為復數形式,故應把year改為years。)

 3. 形容詞/副詞:主要考查兩者之間是否混用。例如:

 ①副詞代替正確形容詞

 During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.

 (很明顯是?與平時相比較更忙?,因此需要把usually改為usual。)

 ②形容詞代替正確副詞

 As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, ?Come on ? get going!?

 (顯然應把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。)

 4. 介詞:主要考查固定搭配,特別是動詞和介詞的搭配。例如:

 ①介詞遺漏

 I?m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.

 (get rid of 是固定搭配,意為?擺脫,除去?。)

 ②介詞多余

 My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

 (這裏顯然是區分because of與because的用法。前者不能接句子,而後者充當連詞可以接句子,故應該把of去掉。)

 ③介詞錯用(壹般為固定搭配)

 I pick out her false hair and said, ?Don?t be sad, Miss.?

 (pick out改為pick up。pick out挑選;pick up撿起。)

5. 連詞:主要考查句子之間的邏輯關系。常考的三種關系主要是:轉折 (but)、並列(and)和因果(because)。 例如:

 One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.

 (顯然,句意為?我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買很多東西?,所以應該把but改為because / as / for。)

6. 句式:主要考查that與what或which / how與what之間的轉換。這是短文改錯的常考點。 例如:

 She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

 (句意為:她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情。很明顯應該把that改為what。)

  7. 冠詞:主要考查冠詞是否多余或遺漏。 例如:

 ①冠詞多余

 So I went to sell newspapers after the school.

 (?放學後?應該用after school表示,故此處定冠詞多余,應去掉the。)

 ②冠詞遺漏

 As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.

 (at an early age表示?很小的時候?,故early前應加不定冠詞。)

8.代詞:主要考查代詞是否多余或遺漏,以及代詞之間的混用。 例如:

 ①代詞多余

 Don?t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.

 (lose heart表示?泄氣,喪失勇氣?,而lose one?s heart to sb. / sth.表示?愛上,鐘情於?。根據語境,此處很明顯是指?別泄氣?,故應該把your去掉。)

 ②代詞遺漏

 A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.

 (應該在classes前加his,表示?使他的課堂生動有趣?。)

 ③代詞混用

 We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.

 (根據句意?我們生活在壹個大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難,其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難?,所以應把them改為us,把other改為others。)