The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ____at the end of last March.
A.has been launched B.having been launched C.being launched D.to be launched
這道題的命題立意是考查非謂語動詞，選項設置采取了謂語非謂語並存以及非謂語幾種形式加以幹擾的形式，意在考查同學們非謂語知識掌握的熟練程度和準確性。這道題的考查，區分度很高。四個選項都有壹定比例的同學在選，這說明同學們對非謂語動詞的掌握還不紮實。主要的問題是：
1.選擇謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞的判斷有誤
很多同學選擇A，而has been launched是現在完成時形式，是謂語動詞；再看語句逗號兩邊沒有任何連詞連接，說明後半句只是整個句子的壹個成分，因此，選擇A就犯了句子結構判斷上的錯誤；
2.非謂語動詞形式的判斷有誤
另外三個選項中B、C是分詞的被動形式，分別表示“發射了”和“正在發射”的語義；D選項是動詞不定式的壹種被動形式，表示“將要發射”。再看看題幹給出的“launch”時間背景“at the end of last March”和主句上的時間“has already sent up”，說明是在此之前，所以正確的選擇應當是B。
從上面的分析我們不難看出，回答非謂語動詞的問題，要註意下面幾個關鍵：壹是要確定是否選擇非謂語動詞，方法就是看句子中有沒有連詞，是句子還是成分；二是要找動詞的邏輯主語，這是判斷非謂語動詞形式的壹個重要依據；三是判斷是主動形式還是被動的形式，主要是看動詞和邏輯主語之間是構成了主謂關系(主動形式)還是動賓關系(被動形式)，要特別註意所選形式的語義，如上例中“having been launched”，“being launched”分別表示的“發射了”和“正在發射”的語義；四是把時間背景捕捉準確，這樣就能確定是用“將來”、“正在”還是“完成”的對應形式。
二、選擇非謂語動詞要兼顧搭配結構和語義功能
非謂語動詞是用動詞不定式to do，還是用分詞doing或done的形式，是由搭配結構和語義功能決定的。
1.搭配結構是機械記憶問題，沒有“為什麽”，正如非謂語動詞做動詞enjoy的賓語，只能用動詞的ing形式，而不能用不定式形式。
例壹：——The last one ______ pays the meal.
——Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives
C. to arrive D. arriving
非謂語動詞做定語，在所修飾名詞或代詞前有序數詞時，要搭配動詞不定式，所以本題要選擇C。
例二：The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported_______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking B. having broken
C. to have broken D. to break
在“sb. is said/reported/believed/thought，…”等之後要搭配動詞不定式。在這裏，題幹的時間背景為cheered，壹般過去時，而“break the world record”應當在“cheer”之前，所以要選擇不定式的完成時態，以表示兩個動作的先後，答案為C。
例三：You’ll imagine what difficulty we had_____ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walking
句子的結構裏涉及這樣的用法“have difficulty (in)doing sth.”，所以要選擇D。
2.語義功能是理解問題，要根據題幹語義，將備選非謂語動詞的“形”和“義”密切聯系起來。
例壹： At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
在這個題目中動詞“open and close”和名詞“desks”構成了動賓關系，即“open and close desks”，因此選擇非謂語動詞要用到被動形式，而前三個含有被動成分的選項又分別有“完了”“將要”和“正在”的含義，因此，能準確表達句子意思的應當是C。
例二：The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
在這個題目中動詞“hear”和代詞“I”構成了動賓關系，即“hear me”，因此選擇非謂語動詞要用到被動形式，而第壹和第四個含有被動成分的選項又分別有“將要”和“正在”的含義，因此，能準確表達句子意思“以便能被聽到”的應當是A。
例三：The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
在這個題目中動詞“finish”和名詞“lessons”構成了動賓關系，即“finish lessons”，因此選擇非謂語動詞要用到被動形式，而第二個含有被動成分，表示“完了”，因此，是B。需要註意的是，D選項是謂語動詞，而本題中“their lessons ___ for the day”應當是個句子成分，所以不能選擇謂語動詞。
從上面的例子，我們看到，在回答非謂語動詞題目時，要緊緊抓住搭配結構和非謂語形義，才能找出正確的答案。
請妳回答下面六個題目，看看是否掌握了答題方法。
鞏固練習
1.Please remain________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A.to seat B.to be seated
C.seating D.seated
2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ___ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
3. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven
B. Being driven
C. To drive
D. Having driven
4. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B moving
C. to move D. being moved
5. “Things ______________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing
C. to lose D. have lost
6. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt
C. being burnt D. to be burnt
參考答案
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A
[
原創] 高考英語非謂語動詞試題講解（非謂語動詞系列四） 2008-07-15 17:49
(1). -Do you play basketball? – No,but I used to.
-Are you a student? –No,but I used to be.
(2). —You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
(97)73. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
(98)74. _____ it with me and I"ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C.If you leave D. Leave
(98)75. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
本題中get paid=be paid
Be done與get done表示被動的區別：
Be done總可用。
Get done構成被動時，壹般用於突然發生的、不期而遇的、偶然發生的事情。如，
How was the window broken\did the window get broken? 但是，不可用Our house got build in 2002.(這是計劃、安排中的事)。
另外，談到主語自己做的事情時，是系表結構。如，get dressed\married\washed等。
(98)76. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
現在分詞與不定式做結果狀語的區別：
現在分詞作結果狀語,只能放於句子末尾，是自然的或必然的結果。其邏輯主語是句子的主語或者是逗號（必須有逗號）前的句子，可改為非限定性定語從句：…，which makes it…
不定式作結果狀語主要有三種：
1.“主+系+表+ to(vt.)”或者“動+賓+補+ to(vt.)”；
2. too…to do,so…as to do,such…as to do,enough…to do；
3.（only）to do放於句子末尾（其前不用逗號）表示出乎意料的結果，常用only加強語氣。
(99)77. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don"t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
Say \report sb to do結構不成立。但是be said\report to do 成立，to do有各種變化。
(99)78. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
(99)79. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door______ "Sorry to miss you; will call later."
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
文字材料、卡片、標牌兒等+read\say等詞。
(2000)80. I"ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
參考第三題。
(2000)81. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
分析句子結構。
See sb\sth do\doing\done搭配。
(2001)82. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
分析此句，找出Having suffered的邏輯主語。
(2002)83. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
Remain to be done 留待… …
(2002)84. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
參考第三題。what to do with…意思是，如何處理… …。What 是do 的賓語。
(2002上海)85. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving（try之義）______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
(2002上海)86. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
(2002上海)87. Though______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
狀語從句中省略主語（+be）：
（1）.when\while\until(時間)；as(方式)；though（讓步）；if\unless\once(條件)等從句中，如果其主語和主句的主語壹致，後面又跟有be…時，省去主語和be。
（2）. when\while (時間)； though（讓步）；if\unless (條件)等從句中，如果其主語和主句的主語壹致，謂語動詞是經常性的、持續性的和狀態性的動詞時，省去主語再把謂語動詞變為doing形式。
（3）.where\when\if it is + possible\necessary…, 從句中省去 it is。
(2002上海)88. Don"t use words, expressions, or phrases_______ _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
(2002上海)89. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
(2002春招)90. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
(2002上海春招)91. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
(2002上海春招)92. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
(2002北京)93--How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
(2002廣東)94. The research is so designed that _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
(2003)95. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.
A. don"t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
(2003)96. ______ time, he"ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
(2003上海)97. The discovery of new evidence led to______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
(2003上海)98. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
(2003上海)99. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
(2003上海)100. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
(2003北京春招)101. --Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend______ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
Leave sb\sth to do\doing\done
(2003北京春招)102. The manager,______ his factory"s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known
(2003北京春招)103. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
As if to do\doing\done省略現象。
(2003上海春招)104. Don"t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
(2003上海春招)105 Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
(2003上海春招)106. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
(2003上海春招)107. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
(2003上海春招)108. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
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