古詩詞大全網 - 成語經典 - DECLARE_SERIAL的步驟

DECLARE_SERIAL的步驟

很神奇吧, ar是怎麽根據文件(強調壹下,是根據文件,而不是硬編碼)判斷需要創建什麽類的.

它大概有這麽幾個步驟:

1. 因為DECLARE_SERIAL重載了>>操作符,所以可以保證是調用CMessg類的>>函數.

2. >>函數實際上調用的是ar的ReadObject(CRuntimeClass*)函數

3. ReadObject首先從文件中讀取類判斷信息(可能是壹個字符串,可能是壹個類索引),得到Class對應的ClassName;

4. 程序的模塊狀態中有所有的RuntimeClass的列表,因此,查找對應的程序支持的RuntimeClass(對比ClassName),獲得對應的RuntimeClass;

5. RuntimeClass中含有創建對象的方法CreateObject,調用它,創建對應的對象.這裏,因為CreateObject實際就是 New 壹個對象,類似 new CMessg; 所以,為了支持序列化,必須有沒有參數的構造函數.

6. 創建對象之後,調用Seralize(ar),讀入真正的對象的信息.

7. 將對象的指針返回.

8. pMessg就指向壹個對應的對象了. MFC 六大關鍵技術之仿真

DECLARE_SERIAL / IMPLEMENT_SERIAL 宏 要將<< 和>> 兩個運算子多載化,還要讓Serialize 函數神不知鬼不覺地放入類別聲明

之中,最好的作法仍然是使用宏。

類別之能夠進行文件讀寫動作,前提是擁有動態生成的能力,所以,MFC 設計了兩個宏

DECLARE_SERIAL 和IMPLEMENT_SERIAL:

#define DECLARE_SERIAL(class_name) \

DECLARE_DYNCREATE(class_name) \

friend CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, class_name* &pOb);

#define IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema) \

CObject* PASCAL class_name::CreateObject() \

{ return new class_name; } \

_IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema, \

class_name::CreateObject) \

CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, class_name* &pOb) \

{ pOb = (class_name*) ar.ReadObject(RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name)); \

return ar; } \

為了在每壹個對象被處理(讀或寫)之前,能夠處理瑣屑的工作,諸如判斷是否第壹次

出現、記錄版本號碼、記錄文件名等工作,CRuntimeClass 需要兩個函數Load 和Store

struct CRuntimeClass

{

// Attributes

LPCSTR m_lpszClassName;

int m_nObjectSize;

UINT m_wSchema; // schema number of the loaded class

CObject* (PASCAL* m_pfnCreateObject)(); // NULL => abstract class

CRuntimeClass* m_pBaseClass;

CObject* CreateObject();

void Store(CArchive& ar) const;

static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL Load(CArchive& ar, UINT* pwSchemaNum);

// CRuntimeClass objects linked together in simple list

static CRuntimeClass* pFirstClass; // start of class list

CRuntimeClass* m_pNextClass; // linked list of registered classes

};

妳已經在上壹節看過Load 函數,當時為了簡化,我把它的參數拿掉,改為由屏幕上獲

得類別名稱,事實上它應該是從文件中讀壹個類別名稱。至於Store 函數,是把類別名

稱寫入文件中:

// Runtime class serialization code

CRuntimeClass* PASCAL CRuntimeClass::Load(CArchive& ar, UINT* pwSchemaNum)

{

WORD nLen;

char szClassName[64];

CRuntimeClass* pClass;

ar >> (WORD&)(*pwSchemaNum) >> nLen;

if (nLen >= sizeof(szClassName) || ar.Read(szClassName, nLen) != nLen)

return NULL;

szClassName[nLen] = ~\0~;

for (pClass = pFirstClass; pClass != NULL; pClass = pClass->m_pNextClass)

{

if (lstrcmp(szClassName, pClass->m_lpszClassName) == 0)

return pClass;

}

return NULL; // not found

}

void CRuntimeClass::Store(CArchive& ar) const

// stores a runtime class description

{

WORD nLen = (WORD)lstrlenA(m_lpszClassName);

ar << (WORD)m_wSchema << nLen;

ar.Write(m_lpszClassName, nLen*sizeof(char));

}

class CScribDoc : public CDocument

{

DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CScribDoc)

...

};

class CStroke : public CObject

{

DECLARE_SERIAL(CStroke)

public:

void Serialize(CArchive&);

...

};

class CRectangle : public CObject

{

DECLARE_SERIAL(CRectangle)

public:

void Serialize(CArchive&);

...

};

class CCircle : public CObject

{

DECLARE_SERIAL(CCircle)

public:

void Serialize(CArchive&);

...

};

以及在.CPP 檔中做這樣的動作:

IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CScribDoc, CDocument)

IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CStroke, CObject, 2)

IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CRectangle, CObject, 1)

IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CCircle, CObject, 1)

然後呢?分頭設計CStroke、CRectangle 和CCircle 的Serialize 函數吧。

當然,毫不令人意外地,MFC 源代碼中的CObList 和CDWordArray 有這樣的內容:

// in header files

class CDWordArray : public CObject

{

DECLARE_SERIAL(CDWordArray)

public:

void Serialize(CArchive&);

...

};

class CObList : public CObject

{

DECLARE_SERIAL(CObList)

public:

void Serialize(CArchive&);

...

};

// in implementation files

IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CObList, CObject, 0)

IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CDWordArray, CObject, 0)

而CObject 也多了壹個虛擬函數Serialize:

class CObject

{

public:

virtual void Serialize(CArchive& ar);

...

}