since:因為.強調雙方已知無需用說明的事由. 後接從句,表間接原因
for:因為.強調壹種推測.但不壹定是事實. (接名詞性短語,表主觀原因)
as:強調壹般因果關系.用於句首.(後接名詞)
Because she's ill,she can't go to my home.因為她病了,所以她沒有來我家.
註:because後接句子,而because of後接短語.
Since everyboby is here,let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了,那就開始開會吧.
Day breaks,for the birds are singing.
因為鳥兒在唱歌了,天可能亮了.
As he was not well,i decided to go without him.
由於他身體不太好,我決定不帶他去.
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because, as, for, since這幾個詞都是表示“原因”的連詞,語氣由強至弱依次為:because→since→as→for;其中because, since, as均為從屬連詞,引導原因狀語從句;而for 是並列連詞,引導並列句。
1. because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是聽話人所不知道的,其語氣最強。常用來回答why的提問,壹般放於主句之後,也可以單獨存在。例如:
(1)I stayed at home because it rained. 因為下雨我呆在家裏。
(2)Because Lingling was ill, she didn't come to school. 玲玲因病,沒有上學。
(3)—Why is she absent? 她為什麽缺席?
—Because she is sick. 因為她病了。
此外,在強調句型中,只能用because。例如:
(4)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上學遲到是因為我沒有趕上早班汽車。
2. since側重主句,從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由,常譯為“因為”、“既然”,語氣比because稍弱,通常置於句首,表示壹種含有勉強語氣的原因。例如:
(1)Since he asks you, you'll tell him why. 他既然問妳,那就告訴他為什麽吧。
(2)Since everyone is here, let's start. 既然大家都到齊了,我們就出發吧!
(3)Since I understood very little Japanese, I couldn't follow the conversation. 我日語懂得不多,因而聽不懂對話。
3. as是常用詞,它表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實或顯而易見的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含義與since相同,但語氣更弱,沒有since正式,常譯為“由於,鑒於”。從句說明原因,主句說明結果,主從並重。例如:
(1)We all like her as she is kind. 我們都喜歡她,因為她善良。
(2)As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因為我感冒了,所以沒去上課。
(3)As Xiaowang was not ready, we went without him. 由於小王沒有準備好,我們只好不帶他去了。
4. for用作連詞時,與because相似,但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待過的情況。for不表示直接原因,表明附加或推斷的理由,因此for被看作等立連詞,它所引導的分句只能放在句子後部(或單獨成為壹個句子),並且前後兩個分句間的邏輯關系不壹定是因果關系,其間用逗號隔開,且for不可置於句首,for的這壹用法常用在書面語中,較正式。例如:
(1)The days are short, for it is now December. 白天短了,因為現在已是十二月份。
(2)It must have rained, for the ground is wet. (從“地面潮濕”作出“下過雨”的推測,但地濕並不壹定是下雨所致, for不可以換為because。)
(3)The ground is wet because it has rained. (“下雨”是“地上潮濕”的直接原因。)
前後兩個分句間有壹定的因果關系時(有時很難區分是直接原因,還是推測性原因),for與because可以互換使用。例如:
(4)I could not go, for / because I was ill. 我沒能去,是因為我病了。
(5)He felt no fear, for / because he was a brave boy. 他沒有害怕,因為他是個勇敢的男孩。