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梔子的化學成分

果實含環烯醚萜類成分:梔子甙(gardenoside),都桷子甙(geniposide),都桷子素龍膽雙糖甙(genipin-1-gentiobioside),山梔甙(shanzhiside),梔子酮甙(gardo-side),雞屎藤次甙甲酯(scandoside methyl ester),都桷子甙酸(geniposidic acid),去乙酰基車葉草甙酸(deacetyl asperulosidic acid),去乙酰車葉草甙酸甲酯(methyl deacetyl asperulosidate),10-乙酰基都桷子甙(10-acetylgeniposide) 6〃-對香豆酰基都桷子素龍膽雙糖甙( 6〃-p-coumaroyl genipin gentiobio-side)。又含酸類成分:綠原酸(chlorogenic acid),3,4-二-O-咖啡酰其奎寧酸(3,-4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid),3-O-咖啡酰基-4-O-芥子酰基奎寧酸(3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-sinapoyl quinic acid),3,5-二-O-咖啡酰基-4-O-(3-羥基-3甲基)戊二酰基奎寧酸[3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl)glutaroyl quinic acid],3,4-二咖啡酰基-5-(3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰基)奎寧酸[3,4-dicaffeovl-5-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaroyl)quinic acid],藏紅花酸(cro-cetin),藏紅花素(crocin),熊果酸(ursolic acid),藏紅花素葡萄糖甙(crocin glucoside)等。還含黃酮類成分:蕓香甙(rutin)以及D-甘露醇(D-mannitol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),膽堿(choline),二十九烷(nonacosane),葉黃素(xanthophyll)等。  果皮及種子中也含梔子甙、都桷子甙、都桷子甙酸、都桷子素龍膽雙糖甙。  花含三萜成分:梔子花酸(gradenlic acid)A、B和梔子酸(gardenic acid)葉含梔子甙,都桷子甙,梔子醛(cerbinal),二氫茉莉酮酸甲酯(methyl dihydrojasmonate),乙酸芐檬(limonene),芳樟醇(linalool)等。  根莖含D-甘露醇,齊墩果酸(oleanolic acid),豆甾醇(sing-masterol)