1. 雙方比較表示壹方超過另壹方時, 用“比較級+than”的結構表示。
例如:There are more workers in this factory than in that factory.
這個工廠的工人比那個工廠的多。
The climate of Dalian is better than that of Shanghai.
大連的氣候比上海好。
The atmosphere of the earth is much denser than that of the moon. 地球的大氣比月球的要稠密的多。
2. 表示壹方不及另壹方時,用“less +原級+ than”的結構表示。
例如:This room is less beautiful than that one.
這個房間不如那個房間漂亮。
They speak less fluently but more correctly than we(do).
他們講得不如我們流利,但比我們準確。
5. 表示壹方超過另壹方的程度或為二倍時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語。
如: even, a little ,still, much, far , yet ,by far, slightly, very much, no, any, rather, a great deal, a lot, lots, a bit等修飾。
例如:He works even harder than before.
他比以前更加努力工作。
There is lots more sugar in the storeroom.
儲藏室有更多的糖。
He was too tired to walk any further.
他太累了,再也走不動了。
Are you any better than before?
妳今天比以前好點了嗎?
That would be a great deal better.
那樣的話就好多了。
The photographs of Mars taken by satellites are much clearer than those taken from the earth.
從衛星上拍的照片比從地球上拍的清楚。
註意:英語的比較級前如無even, still或yet等時,譯成漢語時可用“較……”或“……壹些”或不譯出,壹般不可用“更”。
如:She is better than she was yesterday.
她比昨天好些了。
Please come earlier tomorrow.
明天請早點來。
註意:by far, far, much 通常用於強調最高級。by far用於比較級時,壹般放在比較級的後面。如放在前面,應在二者中間加“the”。far and away, out and away, the very只能用於修飾最高級。
如:Building this tunnel was by far the most challenging problem in the system.
建築這樣壹條隧道無疑是這個系統中最棘手的工程。
This is much the best.
這是最好的。
It is far and away ( or out and away) the best.
這是好的無以復加。
This is the very best book that he ever wrote.
這是他寫過的書中最好的壹本。
8. 表示主語隨另壹方的程度而變化時,用“the +比較級(主語+謂語), the +比較級(主語+謂語)”的結構。
例如:The harder he works, the happier he feels.
他越努力工作越感到幸福。
The higher we went up the mountain, the colder it became. 越往山的高處爬越冷。
The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.
他們越說越感到鼓舞。
12. 不與其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改變時, 用“比較級+比較級”的結構。
例如:The weather is getting colder and colder.
天氣越來越冷。
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
這個女孩長得越來越漂亮。
The days become longer and longer.
天變的越來越長。
We are walking more and more slowly.
我們走得越來越慢。
6. 在inferior(劣於), superior(優於), junior(年幼的), senior(年長的), prior(前面的), posterior(後面的)等後面用to代替than。
例如:He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.
在數學上他比王先生好。
His work is inferior to mine.
他的工作不如我的好。
He is 2 years senior to me.
他比我大兩歲。
The duty is prior to all others.
這項任務比其他任務都重要。
7.在比較從句中為了避免重復,我們通常用that (those),one (ones)代替前面出現的名詞,that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可數名詞單數和不可數名詞,而one只能代替可數名詞。
例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
餐桌上的那本書比課桌上的那本書有趣。
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood .
鐵箱子比木箱子結實。
“ the + 形容詞的比較級 + of ”
例如:He is the taller of the two.
他是兩個人中較高的壹個。
She is the more beautiful of the two sisters.
她是兩姐妹中較美的壹個。
Of the two landscapes that you have shown me, this one is the more picturesque.
妳給我看的兩處景色中,這壹處更別致。
8.表示倍數的比較級有如下幾種句型:
A. A is three (four,etc.)times the size (height,length,width,etc.)of B
例如:The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。(這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍[高三倍])
B. A is three (four, etc.)times as big (high, long, wide, etc.)as B.
例如:Asia is four times as large as Europe
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍。)
C. A is three(four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, wider, etc.)than B
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
妳們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。(妳們的學校是我們學校的四倍大。)
用times表示倍數,壹般限於表示包括基數在內三倍或三倍以上的數。表示兩倍可以用twice或double。
四、 最高級的用法
1. 三者或三者以上相比,2. 表示最高程度時,3. 用“the + 最高級”
的結構表示。這種句式壹般常有表示比較範圍的介詞短語。
例如:Zhang Hui is the tallest of the three.
張輝是三個人中最高的。
He works (the) hardest in his class.
他是班級中最用功的學生。
2. 最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等詞語所修飾。
例如:This hat is by far/much/ nearly/ almost/not nearly/ by no means/ not quite/nothing like the biggest.
這個帽子是最大的。
How much is the most expensive computer ?
那個價格最昂貴的計算機需要多少錢?
3. 表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent, extreme, perfect等,沒有最高級,也不能用比較級。
4. 形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時被修飾的詞往往省略。
例如:He is the tallest (boy) in his class.
他是班級中最高的男孩。
5. 作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。
例如:Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
在所有的男生中他來得最早