想要進行托福考試的同學都知道托福考試成績對於決定自己能否成功申請上心儀的院校有十分很重要的作用。那麽在備考托福考試的過程中，閱讀考試的 文章 篇幅長，對於很多同學來說還是壹個不小的挑戰，以致很多同學其實不是很適應備考閱讀考試，那麽我今天就帶大家了解托福考試的閱讀部分的出處，幫助大家更好地了解托福考試的閱讀部分。
托福閱讀文章出處是哪裏呢
壹、托福評分標準
托福閱讀部分的考試滿分30分，對於大家而言24分是壹個比較高分的成績了，那麽想要拿到24分的話，托福閱讀又能錯多少呢?以下有這些分析，托福閱讀有三篇文章，總***42道題。除每篇文末尾壹題每題2分之外，其他題目都是每題壹分。也就是說托福閱讀的原始分是45分。原始分與結果成績有個對應關系。根據分數對應關系，托福閱讀如果想要拿到24分，原始分就要38分，想要38分的原始分，有以下幾個情況，壹是兩分題都做對了的話，原始分39分基礎題可錯6道題，二是兩分題都做錯的情況下，已經扣6分，原始分得分為38分，在這種情況下托福閱讀24分只能錯3道大題，基礎題壹道都不能錯。三是比較復雜了，如果其中壹道題選錯壹個選項即扣壹分，而其他兩道題沒錯，那麽錯五個基礎題就能拿到托福閱讀24分;如果錯兩個選項扣兩分，其他兩道題沒錯，那麽錯四個基礎題也能拿到托福閱讀24分了。
二、選材出處
托福考試的閱讀文章選材範圍及其廣泛，涉及有自然科學包括：天文學、地質學、生物學、氣象學等;人文科學包括：藝術美學、考古學、語言學、文學等;社會科學包括：人類學、政治學、經濟學、 教育 學、等交叉學科。
大家可以多關註壹下報紙《紐約時報》、《紐約客》、《衛報》、《泰晤士報》、《每日快報》、《世界新聞報》，同時還有英語的主要期刊《國家地理》、《經濟學家》、《旁觀者》、《新政治家》、《高等教育紀事報》以及周刊《偵探》、《聽眾》、《科學美國人》、《發現》、《自然》等。這些都是備考托福考試閱讀的好題材出處。
托福閱讀推理題的解析
推理題的題幹中常出現infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等詞語。根據OG， 在IBT 閱讀的3篇文章中，每篇會有0-2道這類問題，壹次考試總***有3-4道推斷題。
壹、推理題的兩大分類：有***性的推理題和無***性的推理題。
這裏所謂的有***性推理題就是說題幹中有和原文內容相同的關鍵詞(也叫線索)。根據關鍵詞回原文定位，然後進行推理。壹般來說，大多數的推理題都屬於這類題目。對於無***性的推理題，也就是題幹中無線索，壹般使用排除法，即根據各個選項的關鍵詞回原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。返回原文找信息點，采用排除法是解決這兩類題型解決的***同策略。
二、推理題的三個具體的解題思路：
1、壹般對比推理：根據兩個事情的對比特征，問其中壹個事物的特征，只要將與之形成對比的另外壹個事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、時間對比推理：在這種推理中，壹般有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特征壹般相反。當題幹問壹個時間段的特征時，只要將與之相反的時間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理 ：壹個大的集合的兩個方面形成對比，兩者之間存在著互補性關系，也就是壹個的增加意味著另壹個的減少。反之，相同。這個比較抽象，我們來看壹個例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非農業人口的數量和比例都增加了。由此可知農業人口的數量和比例下降，所以(B)為正確答案。
三、解答這類題目需要註意的信息點：
1.日期和數字。
2.關鍵詞： 表示多少的副詞: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情態動詞：may, can , could…;表示過去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯壹的： not only ,not exclusively等。
托福閱讀句意解釋題
這類型題目的題幹表達為：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
解決這類題目的三種 方法 ：
第壹種：在保持原句序基本不變的前提下進行重點詞匯或者詞組的同義替換;
第二種：在句序不變的前提下再進行重點詞匯或者詞組的同義替換;
第三種：對原句進行 總結 性重復。
下面我們通過壹個例子來看這些方法的具體應用：
Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.
It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.
Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.
Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.
解題：
首先，我們來分析這個 句子 ，整個主句的主語為Small marketers，謂語為be concerned with，賓語為factors，這個分析完成之後，我們采用同意替換的方法，替換其中的重點詞組-謂語be concerned with，其 同義詞 為focus on。這樣替換完之後把兩個句子的意思進行比較，得出正確答案C。這道題目采用了第壹種方法。
托福閱讀如何應對文章難句
NO8-1，我們從“詞--句--篇章”來談談這篇文章。
原文：
Geologists have long known that the Earth's mantle is heterogeneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways. We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.
壹、難詞
spatial: a.1.空間的，太空的;2.存在(或者發生)於宇宙空間的
plume: n.1.羽狀物2.柱，地柱
xenolith:俘虜巖
percolate:v.1.滲透2.擴散到，彌漫於
portions: n.壹部分
二、難句
1.the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，most geologists contend，is the upper mantle.
對於地幔分層論點來說，最好的證據乃這樣壹個確認的事實，即在那些海洋島嶼——這些島嶼據信是源於由下層地幔升上來的地幔柱狀溶巖流(mantle plume)——上發現的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統的物質根本不同的物質構成的，而這壹海洋中部山脊系統的成因，大多數地質學家論辯道，為上部地幔。
難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句前面的主幹並不算難，即the evidence is the fact that,難就難在fact之後說明fact 的同位語從句。此從句中既有大段插入語，又有從句，較為難讀。同位語從句的主語是volcanic rocks，主語後面的found on oceanic islands是分詞修飾volcanic rocks的;islands後面又有壹個說明islands的同位語islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,此同位語實際起到壹個分隔主謂的同位語的作用。其後是謂語動詞are composed/of fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle。
句中有壹些專有詞匯。如果拋開文章不說，單看這壹個句子，則句首的layered mantle thesis就難以理解。但是如果讀者能夠讀懂句子的大致意思，看到layered mantle thesisr最有力證據就是其材料fundamentally different from… the upper mantle,這應該可以推測出，既然不同於上層地幔，則這個理論壹定是在說地幔有不同的層面。
2. some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. (4+)
但是，某些地質學家，以對地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀察為依據，指出地幔並非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流質構成的，這些成分趨向於流體而非固體的狀態，自下而上滲透擴散，並依照這些流質流向的任意性，不規則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。
難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的主句中有壹個長插入語however,on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths,割裂了主謂，但句子的主要難度還是在that引導的賓語從句中，從句中有由but 所連接的兩個句子，壹起延續到句末。首選是rich in incompatible elements修飾fluids;後面又有壹個同位語和壹個分詞結構，都是修飾incompatible elements的，最後還有壹個狀語來修飾那個分詞結構，層層修飾，比較復雜。
三、文章結構
Ts是文章的第壹句，因此這壹篇短文章是結論解釋型。文章開始說出了地幔是heterogeneous,然後又指出了他的spatial arrangement remains unresolved,然後提出了兩種理論，壹是layyered-mantle thesis,另外壹個是irregularly heterogeneous.然後分別對這兩種理論進行describe.最後作者指出，We believe,perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.