壹、名詞變為形容詞的方法
1.在名詞後面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是壹些與天氣有關的名詞)。例如:rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
註意:1)如果名詞以重讀閉音節結尾,且詞尾只有壹個輔音字母,這時應雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-y。如:sun—sunny, fun—funny等。
2)少數以不發音的e結尾的名詞變為形容詞時,應去掉e再加-y。例如:noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。
2. 壹些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變為形容詞。例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。
3. 壹些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構成表示國籍、語言的形容詞。例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(註意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名詞後加-ous變為形容詞。例如:danger—dangerous等。
5. 在名詞後加-ly變為形容詞。例如:friend—friendly, love—lovely等。
6.在名詞後加-less構成含有否定意義的形容詞。例如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(無用的),hope—hopeless(沒希望的),home—homeless(無家可歸的)等。
7. 壹些以-ence結尾的名詞,把ence改為ent變成形容詞。例如:difference—different, silence—silent等。
二、動詞變為名詞的方法
詞形不變,詞性改變。例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動詞,也可以用作名詞。
2. 壹些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之後就變成了表示“某壹類人”的名詞。例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
註意:1)以不發音的e結尾的動詞,在詞尾加-r。例如:drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重讀閉音節結尾,且末尾只有壹個輔音字母的動詞,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er。例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。
三、形容詞變為副詞的方法
壹般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如:quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等。但是,以下幾點值得註意:
壹些以“輔音字母+y”結尾的形容詞,要把y改為i再加-ly。例如:happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2. 有些以-ble或-le結尾的形容詞,去掉e加-y。例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。
擴展資料:
常用詞性變換:
1.ability (n. )能力;才能---able (a.)---unable (a..) —disability (n. ) —disabled (a.)
be able to do…= be capable of doing
2.absence (n. ) 缺席;不在 --- absent (a.) ---present (a..) – presence (n.)
be absent from; be present at
3.absolute (a.) 絕對的;完全的---absolutely (adv.)
4.abundant (a.) 豐富的;充裕的 ---abundance (n.) be abundant in
5.academic (a.) 學院的,理論的 (n.) 大學教師 --- academy (n.) 學院
6.accept (v.) 接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的 - –refuse (opp.) 拒絕
7.access (n.) 通路,入門;(v.)接近;存取 ---accessible (a.)
have access to(to為介詞)可以使用;可以接觸
8.accurate (a.) 正確的,精確的 --- accuracy (n.) –accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)inaccurate 不準確
9.achieve (v.) 取得,達到 --- achievement (n.)
10.acquire (v.) 獲得,學到 --- acquisition (n.)
11.act (n. ) 法令,條例;(v.)表演;行動---action (n.) –active (a.) 主動的 —inactive (a.) —actively (adv.) —activity (n. ) 活動 --passive (a.) 被動的 ---actor (n.) –actress (n.)
12.actual (a.) 實際的;現實的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact
13.adapt (v.) 使適應;改編 ---adaptation (n.) 適應,順應;改編,改編本
---adaptable (a.) 有適應能力的adapt oneself to 適應於; adapt…(for sth.) from sth. 改編
14.add (v.) 添加,增加;補充說- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.)
add…to 將…(添)加到… add to 增加,加強 add up加起來 add up to***計達
in addition (to) 另外,除此之外
15.addict (n.) 成癮的人 ---addicted (a.) –addition (n.) ---addictive (a.) 使成癮的;上癮的;易令人沈溺的 be addicted to (to為介詞)對…上癮
16.adjust (v.) 調整,使適應 ---adjustment (n.) --- adjustable (a.)
17.admire (v.) 欽佩,羨慕 ---admiration (n.) --- admirable (a.)
18.admit (v.) 承認,準許 ( admitted, admitted) --- admission (n.)
19.adopt (v.) 收養,采用 ---adoption (n.) --- adopted (a.)
20.advance (v.) 推進,促進;前進 (n.)前進,提升—advanced (a.) 先進的;高等的
21.advantage (n.) 有點;好處 ---disadvantage (n.)
take advantage of利用;欺騙,占…的便宜
22.adventure (n.) 冒險,奇遇 --- adventurous (a.)
23.advertise (v.) 為…做廣告---advertisement (n.)
24.advise (v.) 建議,勸告----adviser (n.) 顧問,忠告者 --- advice (n.) a piece of advice
25.affect (v.) 影響 --- affection (n.) 影響,感情 = have an effect on
26.Africa (n.) 非洲 --- African (a.) (n.)
27.age (n.) 年紀 --- aged (a.)老年的 —elderly (a.)
28.agree (v.) 同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree (opp)—disagreement (n.)
29.agriculture (n.) 農業 – agricultural (a.)
30.allow (v.) 準許,允許---allowance (n.) 允許;緊貼,補助
31.amaze (v.) 驚奇, 震驚 --- amazement (n.) ---amazed (a.) –amazed (a.)
to one’s amazement
32.ambition (n.) 抱負,雄心---ambitious (a.)
33.amuse (v.) 使…快樂 --- amusement (n.) – amused (a.) --- amusing (a.)
to one’s amusement
34.analyze (v.) 分析 --- analysis (n.)
35.anger (n.) 憤怒 --- angry (a.)
36.announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 --- announcement (n.) --- announcer (n.)
37.annoy (v.) 使煩惱 – annoyed (a.) --- annoying (a.) --- annoyance (n.)
to one’s annoyance
38.annual (a. ) 壹年壹次的,每年的 (n.) 年刊 --- annually (a.)
39.anxious (a.) 憂慮的,焦急的 --- anxiety (n.)
40.apologize (v.) 道歉 --- apology (n.)
apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉
41.appear (v.) 出現 ---appearance (n.)外貌,外觀;出現,露面
42.apply (v.) 申請 , 應用--- application (n.) 申請表 --- applicant (n.) 申請人
--- applied (a.) 應用的
43.appoint (v.) 約定,任命 – appointment (n.) -----make an appointment 約會
44.appreciate (v.) 欣賞,感激 --- appreciation (n.)
45.approve (v.) 批準,同意 --- approval (n.) approve of…贊成
(opp.) disapprove (v.) 不贊成 disapprove of…
46.argue (v.) 爭辯,辯論—argument (n.)
47.arrange (v.) 安排 --- arrangement (n.)
48.arrive (v.) 到達 – arrival (n.)
49.Asia (n.) 亞洲 ---Asian (a.) (n.)
50.assess (v.) 評價,估價 --- assessment (n.)
51.assist (v.) 幫助,協助--- assistance (n.) 幫助,援助 ---assistant (n.) 助手,助理
52.associate (v.) 聯系,交往--- association (n.) --- associated (a.)
53.assume (v.) 假定,采取 --- assumption (n.)
54.astonish (v.) 使驚訝 --- astonished (a.) --- astonishing (a.) – astonishment (n.)
55.astronaut (n.) 宇航員 --- astronomy (n.) 天文學 --- astronomer (天文學家)
56.athlete (n.) 運動員 --- athletic (a.) 運動員的;運動的;體格健壯的;行動敏捷的
57.attend (v.)參加,照料 -- attendance (n.)出席,參加 - -attender (n.) 出席者;參加者
58.attention (n) 註意,專心--- attentive (a) –attentively (ad v.)
59.attract (v.) 吸引 – attraction (n.) --- attractive (a.)
60.aware (a.) 知道的,明白的 --- awareness (n.) be aware of
61.bacterium (n.) 細菌 ---(pl. ) bacteria
62.bad (a.) 壞的 --- badly (adv. ) (worse, worst) --- good (a.) – well (a.) (adv.) (better, best)
63.base (n.) 基地,根據地 (v.) 以…為基地 -- basic (a.) --- basically 大體上
64.basis (n.) 基礎,要素 --- (pl.) bases
65.bath (n.) 洗澡,浴室—bathe (v.) – bathroom (n.) --- bathtub (n.) 澡盆
66.bear (v.) 忍受 (bore, borne)--- bearable (a.) 可忍受的 --- unbearable (opp.) 不可忍受的
67.beat (v.) 敲打,跳動,打贏 (beat, beaten)
68.beautiful (a.) 美麗的--- beauty (n. ) --- beautify (v.)
69.behave (v.) 行為,守規矩 --- behavior (n.)
70.belief (n) 信條,信念 ---(pl.) beliefs-- believe (v.) --- believable (a.) ---(opp.) unbelievable
71.begin (v.) 開始,著手 (began, begun)--- beginning (n.)