壹、過去分詞做定語
1. 表示情緒的過去分詞作定語：
The worried look deepened upon her face. 她臉上的愁容加重了。
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism.
馬丁煩亂的悲哀情緒轉而變成了樂觀情緒。
She could hear his agitated voice. 她可以聽到他激動的聲音。
2. 其他過去分詞作定語。
printed matter印刷品 a written report 書面報告
guided missile導彈
smoke fish熏魚 armed forces 武裝力量 canned food 罐頭食品
required courses必修課 classified document 機密文件
animated cartoons動畫片 furnished rooms 有家具的房間
3. 由過去分詞構成的合成形容詞作定語：
air-conditioned rooms 有空調的房間 hand-made goods 手工操作泵
a well-dressed woman 穿著講究的女子 a cautiously-worded statement 措辭謹慎的聲明
4. 及物動詞的過去分詞作定語壹般表示被動和完成，而不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意思：
the risen sun初升的太陽
returned students 歸國留學生
a dated map 過時的地圖
註：有些帶-ed結尾的詞，並不是過去分詞，而是由名詞變化而來的形容詞：
skilled workers 熟練工人
good-natured 天性善良的
absent-minded 心不在焉的
後面，作用接近於壹個定語從句：
What’s the language spoken in that country? 那個國家講的是什麽語言？
This is something unheard of in history. 這是史無前例的事。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老師們表演的戲很成功。
6. 有時單個過去分詞也放在所修飾的名詞之後：
They didn’t allow us to make the alterations suggested. 他們不允許我們作提出的修改。 The designers decided to change the materials used. 設計者決定改變所用的材料。
The man concerned was her husband. 有關的人是她的丈夫。
How much time is there left? 還剩下多少時間？ salaried class 工薪階層 one-sided 片面的 muddle-headed 糊裏糊塗的 有些合成形容詞也是由“名詞+ed”構成： vanished jewels消失了的珠寶 fallen leaves 落葉 5. 過去分詞作定語壹般放在所修飾名詞之前，過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾名詞之
1/5
7. 作定語的過去分詞常指已經完成的動作，若要表示現在正在進行的動作，要用現在分詞的被動形式：
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
我們必須對在此討論的問題保密。
What do you think of the summit meeting being held in Vienna?
妳對正在維也納召開的峰會有什麽看法？
I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there.
我對在那裏進行的試驗壹無所知。
二、過去分詞作表語
1. 過去分詞作表語的時候很多，其中有很多已變成形容詞：
He was amazed and enchanted at the sight. 看到這情景他感到驚異著迷。
She was annoyed at your saying that. 妳這樣講她很不高興。
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning. 我們煩得要命禁不住打哈欠。
They were very pleased with the girl. 他們很喜歡這姑娘。
I am afraid I’m slightly drunk. 可能我有壹點醉了。
I’m obliged to you for all you’ve done for us. 我很感激妳為我們所做的壹切。
The couple were devoted to each other. 這對夫妻十分恩愛。
2. 這種結構和被動語態是有差別的，“be+表語”結構表示壹種狀態，而被動語態表示壹個動作，比較下面句子：
be+表語結構（表示狀態）
The shop is closed now.
The room is deserted. 被動語態（表示動作） It’s usually closed at 8 o’clock. She has been deserted by her husband. The town is surrounded by hills. Soon they were surrounded by bandits.
三、過去分詞作賓語補足語，構成復合賓語
1. 在某些動詞後可用過去分詞構成復合賓語：
We’ll get her X-rayed. 我們要給她透視。
I’ve recently had my appendix removed. 我最近把盲腸割了。
Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese? 妳聽過用日語唱的歌嗎？
Rare