壹、動詞
①時態錯誤（過去時/現在時）
eg:?
?1.Some people even have(had)?to wait outside.
解析：have?→ had
?2.I thought(think)?I would be happy there.
解析：thought?→ think
②語態錯誤（主動/被動）
註意：先翻譯句子，後觀察該詞在句中是主動/被動。
eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.
每天，他都要確保新鮮蔬菜或高質量的油用於烹飪。
解析：using → used，根據句意此處表示被動含義，be used for“被用來去做”。
③主謂不壹致
（1）前文所提的主語與後文所述的謂語不壹致
eg: 1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests.
解析：were → was，The teacher是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式。
2.The rest of the trees was cut down.
解析：was → were，rest指的是可數名詞的復數形式，謂語動詞用復數形式。
（2）集體名詞，謂語動詞用復數。如：people, cattle, group, family, government, team, police等。
eg: The police is coming this way.
解析：is → are，The police是集體名詞，故is → are。
（3）就近原則
常見：neither...nor... / not only...but... / either...or... / not...but...
eg: 1.Not only his parents but also he are crazy about the foreign films.
解析：are → is，該處謂語最近的主語為he是第三人稱單數，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
2.Because of too much homework,neither you nor James go to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One.
解析：go → goes，該處謂語最近的主語為James是第三人稱單數，故謂語用第三人稱單數形式。
（4）There be句型
eg: There has a big library in our school. ?
解析：has → is，某地有某物，表存在用there be句型，且後面跟的是a big library單數。
（5）就遠原則
常見：except / with / together with / along with / as well as / including
eg: I as well as he is happy. ?
解析：is → am，該處謂語最遠的主語為I是第壹人稱，故謂語動詞用第壹人稱am。
（6）缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞）
eg: 1.Secondly, I always practice?pronunciation and reading and speaking.
解析：Practice → practise，practice的詞性是名詞,該句中沒有與主語I相適應的謂語動詞形式故把practice→ practise（practise的詞性是動詞）則是在句中添加了壹個謂語動詞。
?2.She very beautiful. ?
解析：在She後加is，補齊主謂賓。
④非謂語錯用
（1）謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區分不清
eg: There are thousands of examples tell us：if we want to succeed,we
need a correct direction.
解析：tell → telling，there be 句型表示存在，是壹個完整的句型結構，be動詞就是謂語動詞，所以句中若出現了其他動詞，可以采用非謂語動詞形式，因此動詞tell不能直接使用原形，而且由於examples 和tell之間是主謂關系，所以要用tell的現在分詞形式。
（2）V-ing和V-ed混用
eg: We were exciting to hear the news.
解析：exciting →excited，exciting修飾物，而excited修飾人。
（3）to的多用、少用或誤用
eg: 1.When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
解析：刪除to，由lend sb. sth.（借給某人某物）可知，不用to，但如果將sth.放到前面，則用to。
?2.This thing belongs me. ?
解析：在belongs後加to，表示屬於。
?3.He was tall,with board shoulders and a beard that turned form black towards gray over the years. ?
解析：towards → to，form ...towards...“從...走向...”，form...to...“從...到...”，根據句意towards → to。
⑤虛擬語氣誤用
eg: Then?he?and?my?mother?would?have?had?a?drink?while?she?prepared?dinner ?and?they?would?talk?about?his?day?and?hers.
解析：去掉had，句意：他和我媽媽會喝些東西。這裏不是虛擬語氣，不能用would have done，用would do表示“過去常常做”。
二、名詞
①缺主/賓語，補名詞/代詞
eg: I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused.But she refused.
解析：在caused後加her，缺少賓語。
②that/those（表示跟上文同類事物比較）
?eg: My books are more difficult?than of Jerry’s.
解析：在than後加those，缺少代詞，代指books。
③反身代詞
?eg: Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it them.
解析：them → themselves，主語是他們，賓語也是他們，賓語的他們用themselves。
④名詞前加限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，指示代詞）
如：a / an / the / my / your / his / her / their / this / that / there / these
?eg:?
1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between
France and England in the balloon in 1784.
解析：the → a，此處指乘坐壹個氣球橫過海洋，第壹次提到用a。
2.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused hers.But she refused.
解析：hers → her，此處為賓語，後無名詞，故選用形容詞性物主代詞。
⑤單復數形式
常見不可數名詞：advice / information / fun / equipment / news / furniture / baggage / luggage /
traffic / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / food / change / water / joy / hair
常見單復數同形名詞：sheep / fish / Chinese / cattle / bison / deer / people / clothes
?eg: As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析：chance → chances，many後用復數。
三、形容詞/副詞
①修飾名詞或作表語，用形容詞。
eg:It?was?both?excited?and?frightening?to?be?up?there！
解析：excited → exciting，主語是形式主語it，真正的主語是to be up there，
主語是物的時候，表語應該用現在分詞形式的形容詞。
②提示詞是形容詞，常變副詞。
eg: 1.He must be mental disabled.
解析：mental → mentally
?2.When?I?was?a?very?young?children,my?father?created?a?regular practice?I?remember?well?years?late. ?
解析：late → later
③比較級/最高級
eg:1.As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析：high → higher，翻譯為更高的位置。
2.They were also the best and worse years in my life . ?
解析：worse?→ worst，並列結構。
四、句子結構題
①介詞+名詞
eg:The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because
?he was desperate for money. ?
解析：在salt後加at。
②it作形式主語
It + is +adj. +...（that從句/ to do）這件事兒是什麽樣子的（什麽事兒呢）.....
eg:It took years of work reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. ?
解析：在work後加to。
③it作形式賓語
Sb think / find / believe it + adj. +（that從句/ to do）
某人認為/發現/相信這件事是什麽樣子的，什麽事兒呢？.....
eg:I think good to have a balance of viewpoints.
解析：在think後加it。
④並列結構
eg:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
解析：take → taking
⑤並列邏輯
並列連詞有and / or / so / but / however
eg:But the river wasn’t changed in a few days and even a few months.
解析：and → or
註意：because和so/although或though和but不能連用。
⑥固定搭配
⑦三大從句（定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句）
（1）定語從句
定語從句關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞。定語從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語、定語時，用關系代詞that / which /who?/ whose ;定語從句成分完整，就用關系副詞when / where / why，介詞後面用 which / whom。
※引導詞只能用that
1.先行詞為不定代詞。
?some ? （something/ ?somebody ?/ ?someone ）
?any （anything / ?anybody ? / ?anyone ）
?no ? （nothing / ?nobody / ?no one ）
?every ? （everything ? / ?everybody ? / ?everyone ）
2.先行詞指物和人時。
3.先行詞前有形容詞最高級，序數詞修飾時。
4.先行詞被all/little/few/none/much/no/the only/the very/the last修飾時。
5.在以which/who為疑問詞的特殊疑問句中。
（2）名詞性從句
名詞性從句又分為主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句等。名詞性從句的連詞分為連接詞that / whether / if；連接代詞 who?/ whoever / whom / whomever / what / whatever / which等；連接副詞 where / wherever / when / whenever / how / however / why 等，從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語，則用連接代詞；不缺少以上成份，句子意思完整就用that ,不完整就用 whether / if 或其它連接副詞。
（3）狀語從句
狀語從句分類比較多，如：時間狀從，地點狀從等。但是狀語從句在短文改錯中是相對容易的，比較容易能找出連詞的錯誤。做題時，我們要理解句子意思，判斷在此處應該用什麽連詞。