English Romantic novelist, biographer and editor, best known as the writer of Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus (1818).英國浪漫主義小說家，傳記作者和編者，最有名的，因為作家的弗蘭肯斯坦，或現代普羅米修斯 （ 1818 ） 。 Shelley was 21 when the book was published; she started to write it when she was 18.雪萊21歲的時候，這本書出版了，她開始寫它時，她18歲。 The story deals with an ambitious young scientist.故事涉及壹個雄心勃勃的青年科學家。 He creates life but then rejects his creation, a monster.他創造了生命，但隨後拒絕了他的創作，壹個怪物。
"But success shall crown my endeavours. Wherefore not? Thus far I have gone, tracking a secure way over the pathless seas: the very stars themselves being witnesses and testimonies of my triumph. Why not still proceed over the untamed yet obedient element? What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man?" (from Frankenstein ) "但成功與否應冠我的努力。哪，不是嗎？因此到目前為止，我走了，跟蹤是壹個既安全又超過絕跡海洋：非常星級自己已被證人和證詞，我的勝利，為什麽不仍按過去燎原的，但聽話的因素什麽？都阻擋不了決心心臟和解決的意誌為轉移的什麽" （從弗蘭肯斯坦 ）
Mary Shelley was born in London.瑪麗雪萊出生於倫敦。 Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, died of puerperal fever 10 days after giving birth to her.她的母親，瑪麗wollstonecraft ，死於產褥熱10天生完孩子後，交給她。 She was one of the first feminists, the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and the novel The Wrongs of Woman , in which she wrote: "We cannot, without depraving our minds, endeavour to please a lover or husband, but in proportion as he pleases us."她是第壹個女權主義者，作者壹個平反的權利的女子 （ 1792年）和小說 < 是非曲直女子 ，她在其中寫道： "我們不能，但無depraving頭腦，努力取悅情人或丈夫，但在比例，因為他使我們感到高興" 。 Mary Shelley's father was the writer and political journalist William Godwin, who became famous with his work An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793).瑪麗雪萊的父親是作家和政治問威廉godwin ，他成為有名的，與他的工作查詢有關政治正義 （ 1793 ） 。 Godwin had revolutionary attitudes to most social institutions, including marriage. godwin了革命性的態度，以大多數的社會機構，其中包括婚姻。 In feminism he found an "amazonian" element.在女權主義，他找到了壹位"亞馬孫"自供狀。 Among his other books is Things as They Are, or The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794).他的其他書籍，是東西，因為他們是，或者冒險就Caleb威廉姆斯 （ 1794 ） 。
In her childhood Mary Shelley was left to educate herself amongst her father's intellectual circle, the critic Hazlitt, the essayist Lamb, the poet Coleridge and Percy Bysshe Shelley, who came into Godwin's circle in 1812.在她童年的瑪麗雪萊留下來教育自己，其中她父親的知識界， hazlitt評論家，散文家羔羊，詩人柯勒律治和（ Percy bysshe雪萊，誰上臺godwin的循環，在1812年。 Mary published her first poem at the age of ten.瑪麗出版她的第壹首詩，在年滿10 。 At the age of 16 she ran away to France and Switzerland with Shelley.在16歲以上的，她逃跑到法國和瑞士同雪萊。 They married in 1816 after Shelley's first wife had committed suicide by drowning.他們結婚，在1816年後，雪萊的第壹任妻子已經自殺，因溺水。 Their first child, a daughter, died in Venice, Italy, a few years later.他們的第壹個孩子，壹個女兒，死在威尼斯，意大利，數年後的事。 In History of Six Weeks Tour (1817) the Shelleys jointly recorded their life.在歷史上的6個星期之旅 （ 1817 ） shelleys***同記錄了他們的生活。 Thereafter they returned to England and Mary gave birth to a son, William.此後，他們回到了英格蘭和瑪麗生下了壹個兒子，威廉。
The story of Frankenstein started on summer in 1816 when Mary joined with Percy Shelley and Claire Clairmont near Geneva Lord Byron.故事弗蘭肯斯坦開始對夏在1816年，當瑪麗同（ Percy雪萊和克萊爾clairmont日內瓦附近的拜倫勛爵。 She took a challenge set by Byron and Shelley to write the most frightening ghost story.她是壹個挑戰所訂的拜倫和雪萊寫最可怕的鬼故事。 With her husband's encouragement, she completed the novel within a year.與丈夫的鼓勵下，她完成了小說內部的壹年。 At the Villa Diodati she had been a "silent listener" of her husband and Byron who discussed about galvanism.在Villa迪奧達蒂她曾是壹個"沈默的聽眾" ，她的丈夫和拜倫的人談論galvanism 。 At Eton College Shelley had become interested in Luigi Calvani's experiments with electric shocks to make dead frogs' muscles twitch.在潮流同步雪萊學院已成為有興趣的Luigi calvani的實驗中的電擊，使死蛙的肌肉抽搐。 It is possible that his teacher, James Lind had demonstrated the technique to Shelley.可能是他的老師，詹姆斯林德顯示了技術雪萊。 In her Introduction to the 1831 edition Mary revealed that she got the story from a dream, in which she saw "the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with a uneasy, half vital motion."她在介紹了1831年版瑪麗透露，她的故事，從壹個夢想，她在其中看到了"醜陋phantasm壹名男子伸展出來，然後，對工作的壹些強大引擎，顯示生命跡象的，並挑起與不安，有壹半的重要議案" 。
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) The novel start with series of letters from Robert Walton to his sister. 弗蘭肯斯坦，或現代的普羅米修斯 （ 1818 ） ，小說開始壹連串的信件由羅伯特沃爾頓，以他的妹妹。 Walton is an English Arctic explorer who spots a strange creature on a dog-sled.沃爾頓是壹個英語北極探險者景點壹個奇怪的動物，對狗橇。 The exhausted Victor Frankenstein arrives, in pursuit of the creature,and while recuperating tells his story.該用盡維克托弗蘭肯斯坦來臨之際，在追求的動物，而在休養告訴他的故事。 He has been born into a wealthy Geneva family.他壹直出生在壹個富裕的家庭日內瓦。 After his mother dies of scarlet fever and becomes a student of natural philosophy and medicine.之後，他的母親去世的猩紅熱，並成為學生的自然哲學和醫學。 Inspired by occult philosophy and the teaching of his mentor, Waldman, he builds a creature in the semblance of a man and gives it life.靈感隱匿哲學與教學，他的導師，輕視，他建立了造物在表面上的壹名男子，並賦予它生命。 It body is assembled from parts which Frankenstein has stolen from butcher shops, dissecting rooms, and charnel-houses.它的機構是從組裝零部件，其中弗蘭肯斯坦已被盜，從牛羊肉店內，夾層房間， charnel -房子。 The creature is repeatedly rejected by those who see it, but the monster proves intelligent, and later highly articulate.這種生物是多次拒絕那些看到它，但怪獸證明聰明的，後來又高度闡明。 Receiving no love, it becomes embittered.接受，沒有人喜愛，它成為苦。 Frankenstein deserts his creation, who disappears. "I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I have deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart." (from Frankenstein ) Frankenstein hears that his younger brother has been strangled, but Justine, his family's servant confesses the murder.弗蘭肯斯坦沙漠他的創作，他會消失， "我曾努力工作，近兩年來，唯壹的目的是註入生命變為無生命體，對於這點我已經剝奪了自己的休息和健康，我想要的，它與壹個激情遠超出適度，但現在我已經完成，美麗的夢想化為烏有，並咋舌感到恐懼和厭惡填補了我的心" （由弗蘭肯斯坦 ）弗蘭肯斯坦聽說他的弟弟已被勒死，但在剛剛結束時，他的家人的仆人confesses謀殺。 However, later the monster tells that he murdered William and framed Justine.然而，後來的怪獸告訴他殺害威廉和誣陷在剛剛結束的。 Frankenstein then agrees to make a mate for the monster so that it will not bother anyone again.弗蘭肯斯坦則同意作伴侶，為怪物，所以它不會打擾任何人。 A wave of remorse makes him destroy the female.浪潮悔恨讓他摧毀女性。 The lone creature swears revenge.孤獨的動物，發誓要報復。 He kills Frankenstein's bride, Elizabeth, on their wedding night.他殺死弗蘭肯斯坦的新娘，黃錢其濂，對他們的新婚之夜。 The scientist becomes mad, but recovers and chases the creature across the world.科學家變得瘋狂，但復蘇和追逐生物在世界各地。 The two confront in the Arctic wastes.兩國對抗在北極廢物。 Frankenstein dies.弗蘭肯斯坦逝世。 The creature describes eloquently to Walton his efforts to seek out beauty and how crime has degraded it beneath the meanest animal. "He is dead who called me into being; and when I shall be no more the very remembrance of us both will speedily vanish. I shall no longer see the sun or stars, or feel the wind play on my cheeks. Light, feeling, and sense will pass away; and in this condition must I find my happiness." The monster leaps from the ship on a ice-raft, disappearing again in the darkness.這種生物雄辯地說明了沃爾頓以他的努力，以尋求美容及如何犯罪已經退化，它下方meanest動物" ，他已經死了，他們叫我到;時，我會不會有更多的非常懷念，我們都將迅速消失。我將再也看不到太陽或星星，或者覺得風起於我的臉頰，輕，感覺和責任感，將過世;以及在此情況下，我要找到我的幸福"怪物飛躍，從船舶上冰在救生筏上，再次消失在夜色中。 - The novel contains no supernatural elements; the creation of the monster is described in the third edition on a rational scientific basis. -小說沒有任何超自然的元素;創造的怪物，是描述在第三版對壹個理性的科學依據。 Frankenstein is a scientist who challenges the Creator of the world with the possibilities of modern science, but is destroyed by his own ethical irresponsibility.弗蘭肯斯坦是壹位科學家的挑戰，創造了世界同可能性現代科學的，而且是摧毀他自己的道德不負責任的表現。
The first edition of book had an unsigned preface by Percy Shelley.首版書有壹個未簽名的前言（ Percy雪萊。 Many thought that it is also his novel, disbelieving that only 19-year-old woman could write such horror story.許多人認為，這也是他的小說，不相信，只有19歲的女子可以寫這樣的恐怖故事。 However, when the book was published in 1818, it became a huge success.但是，當這本書出版於1818年，它成為壹個巨大的成功。 In 1818 the Shelleys left England for Italy, where they remained until Shelley's death - he drowned in 1822 in the Bay of Spezia near Livorno. 1818年該shelleys離開英格蘭到意大利，在那裏，直到雪萊的死因-他淹死1 822年在灣區的s pezia近利沃諾。 In 1819 Mary suffered a nervous breakdown after the death of William who died of malaria at the age of 3 - she had also lost a daughter the previous year.在1819年瑪麗遭受了神經崩潰去世後，威廉的人死於瘧疾，在年滿3 -她還失去了壹個女兒，比前壹年。 In 1822 she had a dangerous miscarriage and she believed that she would die. 1822年，她有壹個危險的誤判和她相信她會死。 Shelley wrote to her friend Maria Gisborne about this loss and her husband's death, concluding the letter: "Well here is my story - the last story I shall have to tell - all that might have been bright in my life is now despoiled - I shall live to improve myself, to take care of my child, & render myself worthy to join him. soon my weary pilgrimage will begin - I rest now - but soon I must leave Italy -". Of their children only one, Percy Florence, survived infancy.雪萊寫信給她的朋友瑪麗亞吉斯伯恩關於這方面的損失和她丈夫的死，結束了信中說： "這裏是我的故事-過去的故事，我會告訴-所有可能被光明，在我的人生現在de spoiled-我將活來提高自己的，要照顧我的孩子， ＆ ，使自己無愧於加入他的團隊。很快，我厭倦了朝聖將開始-我的休息，現在-但很快，我必須離開意大利-" ，其子女只有壹個， （P e r cy佛羅倫薩，成活萌芽狀態。 In 1823 she returned with her son to England, determined not to-re-marry.在1823年，她回到她的兒子到英格蘭，決心不-再結婚。 She devoted herself to his welfare and education and continued her career as a professional writer.她努力不懈地以他的福利和教育，並繼續她的職業生涯，作為壹個專業作家。 Sir Timothy Shelley, her father-in-law, was not eager to help her and her son Percy financially.主席先生蒂莫西雪萊，她的嶽父，並沒有急切地想要幫助她和她的兒子（ Percy自負盈虧。 Shelley never married but she flirted with the young French writer Prosper Merimee, and hoped to marry Maj. Aubrey Beauclerk.雪萊從未結過婚，但她徘徊在與年輕法國作家梅裏美繁榮，並希望嫁給少校aubrey beauclerk 。
None of Shelley's works published for over 30 matched the power of her first legendary novel.無雪萊的作品，出版了超過30匹配的權力，她的第壹個傳奇小說。 Her later works include Lodore (1835) and Faulkner (1937), both romantic pot-boilers, and unfinished Mathilde (1819, published 1959), which draws on her relations with Godwin and Shelley. Valperga (1823) is a romance set in the 14th-century, and The Last Man (1826) depicts the end of human civilization, set in the 21st century republican England.她後來作品包括lodore （ 1835年）和福克納 （ 1937 ） ，無論是浪漫的盆栽鍋爐，並沒有完成瑪蒂爾德 （ 1819 ， 1959年出版） ，其中吸取了她的關系， godwin和雪萊。 valperga （ 1823 ）是壹個浪漫設在14世紀， 和上壹屆文 （ 1826 ） ，描繪完人類文明的，定在21世紀***和黨英格蘭。 Its second part describes the gradual destruction of the human race by plague.第二部分說明了漸進式的毀滅人類的由鼠疫。 The story is narrated by Lionel Verney, the last man of the title, living amidst the ruins of Rome.故事是敘述由萊昂內爾verney ，最後男子的名稱，生活中的廢墟羅馬。 Feminist critics have paid attention to its fantasy of the total corrosion of patriarchal order.女權主義批評家都重視其幻想的總腐蝕的宗法秩序。
Shelley gave up writing long fiction when realism started to gain popularity, exemplified in the works of Charles Dickens.雪萊放棄寫小說，只要當現實開始知名度，體現在作品狄更斯。 She wrote a numerous short stories for popular periodicals, particularly The Keepsaker , produced several volumes of Lives for Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopedia , and the first authoritative edition of Shelley's poems (1839, 4 vols.).她寫了許多短篇小說，為大眾期刊， 特別是keepsaker ，制作了幾卷人的生命為lardner的內閣cyclopedia ，首次權威版雪萊的詩（ 1839年，第4卷） 。 Shelley's well-received travelogue Rambles in Germany and Italy appeared in 1844.雪萊的廣受歡迎的旅遊漫遊在德國和意大利出現在1844年。 She also attempted a biography on Shelley but abandoned the work.她還試圖傳論雪萊，但放棄了工作。
The story of Frankenstein's monster has inspired over 50 films.故事弗蘭肯斯坦的怪物激發了超過50片。 James Whale's version from 1931, starring Boris Karloff, is considered a classic, and became the major source for a number of other adaptations.詹姆斯鯨魚的版本，從1931年，主演鮑裏斯karloff ，被認為是壹個典型，並成為主要來源為其他壹些修改。 The monster kills little Maria on the lake and is hunted down and killed.該怪物殺死小瑪麗亞對湖是追殺。 All reviews of the film were not positive: "I regret to report that it is just another movie, so thoroughly mixed with water as to have a horror content of about .0001 percent... The film differs greatly from the book and soon turns into a sort of comic opera with a range of cardboard mountains over which extras in French Revolution costumes dash about with flaming torches." (Creighton Peet in Outlook & Independent , December 9, 1931) Mel Brook's parody Young Frankenstein (1974), starring Gene Wilder in the role of the young Frankenstein, was beautifully photographed - Brooks used many archaic optical devices, including the old 1:85 aspect ratio for height and width of the frame.所有評論的電影不是正面的： "我很遺憾地報告說，它只不過是另壹種電影，所以徹底與水混合，以有恐怖內容的約0.0001 ％ ...電影相差很遠，由這本書，並盡快轉變為某種漫畫歌劇取得了壹系列的紙板山而臨時演員，在法國大革命服飾短跑約與高舉著火炬" （ creighton畢特在Outlook與獨立的 ， 1931年12月9日）梅爾布魯克的模仿年輕人弗蘭肯斯坦 （ 1974 ） ，主演的基因狂放中的角色，以及年輕的弗蘭肯斯坦，是精美的拍照-布魯克斯也使用了許多過時的光學裝置，其中包括舊1 :85長寬比為高度和寬度的框架。 The film received an Academy Award nomination for its script.電影獲得奧斯卡金像獎提名，其講稿。 Among its highlights is the scene in which Peter Boyle as the monster visits bearded blind man Gene Hackman, and barely manages to survive Hackman's hospitableness.其重點是現場，其中彼得貝爾作為怪獸訪問大胡子瞎子基因哈克曼，勉強能存活哈克曼的好客。 Kenneth's Branagh's film Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994) was faithful to the book.丁的branagh的電影瑪麗雪萊的弗蘭肯斯坦 （ 1994 ） ，是忠實於這本書。 The director himself was Frankenstein and Robert De Niro played the monster under a heavy mask.總本人還弗蘭肯斯坦和羅伯特德尼羅扮演的怪物下壹個沈重的面具。