1. on,in,at表示時間
on“在具體某壹天”①
“當某時”,動名詞, arrival,death前;
用in壹般“上”“下”“晚”;
on用於天,in用於月、季、年③;
限定三時in要變。④
at是個時間點,
“工作”“時刻”與“聖誕”⑤。
at noon(night),in the day,
習慣用語記心間。
註:①on表示在具體某壹天及具體某壹天的上午、下午和晚上。
例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母親節,我們應該送花給我們的母親。
On my arrival home,I found he had gone already.當我到家時,我發現他已經走了。
② 當early,late用於句首修飾介詞短語時,盡管表示具體某壹天的上午、下午、晚上,都要用in,泛指壹般的上、下午,晚上也用in 。
例 Early in the morning of National Day,I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo. 國慶節壹清早,我便起床去趕到動物園的第壹班公***汽車。
My father begins work at 8:00 in the morning and stops work at 4:00 in the afternoon. 我父親上午8點上班,下午4點下班。
③於將來時態表示“過壹段時間後” 及表示“在……期間” 和“在某個季節,某年、某月” 都用in。
例 I hear he’ll be back in a month.我聽說他將於壹個月後回來。
In the course of the last lesson in French,little Franz was listening to the master very attentively.在那最後壹堂法語課中,小弗朗茲非常用心地聽著老師講。
Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004. 小明生於2004年12月。
④當 morning,afternoon,evening有前位定語或後置定語限定時,就不用in而用on。
例 on a hot (summer) noon 在壹個炎熱(夏天)的中午
on Monday Morning 在星期壹上午
on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午
⑤ 表示某時某刻及在work,Christmas前用at。
例 We get up at eight o’clock. 我們8點起床。
My father are busily at work all day. 我父親整天忙於工作。
In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas. 在西方國家,孩子們在聖誕節得到父親給的禮物。
2. on,in,at表示地點
on“在之上”接觸面,“靠近、接壤、左右邊”①;
in“在裏面”和“中間”②;
at表示小地點, “入口、車站、電影院”③;
home出現定語、冠, 須用in把at換④;
“夜間、車輛”若有限, 及“在途中”on在前⑤。
註: ①在表示地點時,指“在……之上(與表面接觸)” “靠近、接壤”及“在左右邊”都用on。
例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk.那張大寫字臺上有壹本英漢詞典和兩本語法書。
Korea lies on the northeast of China. 朝鮮位於中國東北方。
Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday. 我們昨天看電影時,湯姆坐在我左邊。
②表示“在……裏面”(即物體內部),“在……中間”(即middle前)都用in。
例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door. 吉姆把鑰匙插在鎖孔裏,轉動壹下,打開了門。
Soon they were in the middle of the river. 很快他們就遊到了河中間。
③ at表示壹個較小的地點,如在“入口”(entrance)“車站”(bus stop,railway station)和“影劇院”(cinema,theater)等名詞前。
例 As she walked along,she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley. 她往前走時,註意到前邊峽谷口有棵老松樹。
④home前壹般用at,但若有物主代詞和冠詞等定語修飾時,須用in。
例 In Princeton he lived quietly,working at the institute and enjoying himself by playing his violin in his simple home. 他在普林斯頓過著安靜的生活,在研究所工作,在他那簡樸的家裏拉琴消遣。
⑤“夜間”(night)、“車輛”(bus,bike,train ect.)等名詞若有限定詞及“在……途中”,介詞則用on。
例 He was in on that night. 他那天夜裏在家。
My son often goes to school on his bike.我兒子常騎自行車去上學。
On the way home my father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school in Mr Crossett's class. 在回家途中,父親給我講了他第壹天上克羅塞特先生課時發生的壹件事