俄羅斯的莫斯科國立大學創建於1755年，簡稱莫斯科大學，是壹所歷史悠久的頂級大學，那麽跟著壹起來了解下俄羅斯莫斯科國立大學基本概況吧，歡迎閱讀。
壹、關於國立大學
Lomonosov Moscow State University.Moscow State University was established in 1755More than 40 000 students (graduate and postgraduate) and about 7 000 undergraduates study at the university, and over 5 000 specialists do the refresher course here. More than 6 000 professors and lecturers, and about 5 000 researchers work for the faculties and research institutes.Every year Moscow University enrolls about 4 000 international students and postgraduates from all over the world.Moscow University campus is an extremely complex system, with its 1 000 000 m2 floor area in 1 000 buildings and structures, with its 8 dormitories housing over 12 000 students and 300 km of utility lines.MSU library system is one of the largest in Russia, with its 9,000,000 books, 2,000,000 of them in foreign languages, and the average number of readers 55,000, using 5,500,000 books a year.
莫斯科羅蒙諾索夫國立大學，莫斯科國立大學成立於1755年,超過4萬名學生(研究生和研究生)和大約7000名本科生在這所大學學習，5000多名專業人士在這裏進修。超過6000名教授和講師，大約5000名研究人員為學院和研究機構工作。莫斯科大學每年招收大約4000名來自世界各地的留學生和研究生。莫斯科大學校園是壹個極其復雜的系統，它的面積為100萬平方米，建築面積100萬平方米，校園內壹***有8個宿舍，有1.2萬名學生和300平方公裏的的公用設施。莫斯科羅蒙諾索夫國立大學圖書館系統是俄羅斯最大的圖書館之壹，藏書900萬冊，其中包括外文圖書200萬冊，平均讀者550萬冊，每年藏書550萬冊。
二、歷史沿革
On January 25, 1755, Russian tsar Elizabeth petrovna ordered the establishment of Moscow university, which began teaching on April 26.January 25 is the day of the college students' day in Russia.At first the university was set up in a central pharmacy on the edge of the red square, and Catherine the great moved it to a new classic building on the other side of Mokhovaya street.In 1905, a social democratic organization was founded in Moscow university, which called for the overthrow of the tsar and the establishment of a republic, which the tsarist government had repeatedly shut down.In 1911 130 scientists and professors protested against the army's entry to campus and some professors were beaten, and thousands of students were expelled.After the October revolution in 1917, universities began to accept the children of workers and peasants.In 1919, tuition was waiving, and a preparatory system was established for working-class children to pass the entrance examination.The university was renamed in 1940 to commemorate its founder, mikhail vasievic lomonosov.In 2005, the school held a grand occasion to celebrate the 250th anniversary of its founding. The school held various celebrations and invited many celebrities from the world education community to speak at the university.
1755年1月25日，俄國沙皇伊麗莎白·彼得羅芙娜下令莫斯科大學成立於同壹年的4月26日，並開始教學。1月25日是大學生的壹天在俄羅斯的日子。首先，大學是在紅場的邊緣中心藥房設置和偉大的凱瑟琳搬到壹個新古典建築在莫霍瓦亞街的另壹側。1905年，社會民主黨組織成立於莫斯科的大學，該組織呼籲全面推翻沙皇，***和國的建立，使沙皇政府曾多次關閉。1911年 130名科學家和教授反對軍隊進入校園，壹些教授被毆打，成千上萬的學生被開除。1917十月革命後，大學開始接受工人農民的孩子。1919年開始學費免收，並準備系統建立了工薪階層的孩子通過入學考試，1940年大學正式更名，原因是為了紀念其創始人米哈伊爾vasievic羅蒙諾索夫。2005年，為慶祝建黨第二百五十周年學校舉行了隆重的場合。學校舉行了各種慶祝活動，邀請了世界教育界的許多名人來大學演講。
三、教研優勢
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Algebra, number theory, and mathematical logic,.Geometry and topology,Modern mathematical analysis,Differential equations and mathematical physics,Computational mathematics and programming,Discrete mathematics and artificial intelligence,Theory of probabilities and mathematical statistics,Problems in history and methodology of mathematics, mechanics, and math education,Liquid, gas and plasma mechanics,Mechanics of solids,Analytical mechanics, motion stability, control and optimization problems,Mechanics of multiphase medium,Mechanics of composites.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Differential equations in mathematical physics,Theory of probabilities and mathematical statistics,Mathematical modelling and applied mathematics methods,Mathematical methods of studying non-linear controlling systems and processes,Theory, methods, and software.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Mathematics,Condensed matter physics,Optics and laser physics,Radio physics and electronics; acoustics,Plasma physics,Nuclear physics,Heat-mass exchange, hydrodynamics, gas dynamics, plasma dynamics,Life sciences,Earth sciences,Development of education.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Developing new methods of partition, concentration and identification of small quantities of organic and inorganic substances in the environment, food stuff and biomedical objects.Modern problems of chemistry and physical chemistry of high molecular compounds.Physical-chemical mechanics of solid and dispersion systems: molecular mechanisms of Rebinder's Effect: influence of ambience on interaction of dispersion particles and structurization.Research in the field of laser-induced physical-chemical processes.Inorganic chemistry as the basis for developing new generations of functional.materials.Developing efficient methods of teaching sciences, chemistry in particular..Modern methods of physical-chemical analysis in examining the diagrams of complex systems conditions.Molecular design of organic structures and organic reactions; research, synthesizing, and testing new organic compounds developed for practical purposes.Element-organic compounds as reagents and catalysts in the synthesis of organic and organo- metallic compounds.Radionuclids and tagged compounds in chemistry and biology.Tracer diagnostics of chemical processes and materials,Dosemetry and radioactivity of the environment.Structure and dynamics of atomic-molecular systems.Chemical thermodynamics.Catalysis, physical chemistry of surface.Physical-chemical basics of partition and purification of materials and isotopes.Chemistry of high pressure condition.Chemistry of energy-intensive and coal graphite materials.New approaches to the problem of hydrocarbons natural resources rational use.Organic chemistry of nucleic acids and NC-protein complexes.Chemical methods of studying the structure and function of complex RN-proteins.Kinetics and mechanisms of photochemistry, cryochemistry and catalytic processes and developing new materials and technologies on the basis of organized molecular systems.Developing new technological systems to process chemical raw materials and fuel: the concept of safe technosphere.Chemical enzymology.Electrochemistry.Organic systems radiation chemistry.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Physical-chemical basis of biology and biotechnologies.Mechanisms of physiological activity, development, and stability of humans and animals.General biology and ecology.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Biochemical functions of breathing.Ferments bioengineering.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Soil evolution and functioning in natural and anthropogenic landscape.Ecological-functional and evolutionary-genetic geography of soil.Role of soil microorganisms in bio-sphere functions of soils.Chemical basis of soil formation, fertility and chemical monitoring.Diagnostics and evaluation of ecological condition of soil and biocenose under different land-use.Theory and methods of research of physical characteristics and processes in topsoil and energy-mass-exchange within the soil-plant-atmosphere system.Genesis and melioration of soil.Radio-ecology of overland ecosystems.Current fertility state of different types of soil and agrochemical methods of its reproduction.Soil erosion regularities and the role of erosion in erosion-prone landscapes ecology.Ecological monitoring of sod-podzol soil in Moscow suburbs.Information support for developing agro technologies and rational nature management.Ecological standardization; natural and man-transformed soil and land resources evaluation.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Composition, construction, evolution, and geodynamics of lithosphere (the deep structure of continents and oceans; geodynamics, tensing condition of subsoil and disastrous processes; geospheres interaction; problems of the Cambrian period; evolution of the organic world)Geology and geochemistry of combustible fossils (problems of oil and gas; fluids in the terrestrial cortex).Conditions of formation and regularities of occurrence of natural resources deposits (Mineral-raw materials problems of geo-economics; genetic particularities of gold deposits).Occurrence and distribution of the chemical elements in the Earth, physical-chemical processes of minerals, rock and ore formation in geo-spheres (physical-chemical nature of processes in geo-spheres; fluids and formation of magma in the terrestrial cortex and mantle; ecological and search geochemistry; the synthesis of crystals with unique characteristics; crystal chemistry).Problems of engineering and ecological geology, hydrogeology and geocryology (geology of the environment; underground water resources, their dynamics and protection; fresh underground water resources; condition of cryolithizone and forecasting its development).Theory and methodology of lithosphere geophysical research
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Evolution and operation of geo-systems and resources of land surfaces.Complex research of the climate, the World Ocean and fresh water; processes of interaction of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere in the past and in the present.Ecologic-geographical analysis of anthropogenic changes of landscapes and their components.The spatial structure of world economy and socio-economic and geopolitical activity in Russia and other countries.Geography of unfavourable and threatening natural processes: theory and practice.Theory and methodology of geographical cartography, geo-informatics and remote monitoring of natural and social-economic geo-systems.Theory and methodology of geography and its branches; interaction between nature and society.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Developing new generation nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.Developing new types of functional materials.The use of non-linear dynamics methods to solve materials science problems.Developing the university system of training highly qualified specialists in materials science
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Research of mechanisms of free radical pathology of cells.Metabolism changes under extreme exposure.Research of mechanisms of organism adaptation to oxygen deficit and other environmental factors.Research of central and peripheral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation with the goal of pharmacological correction of the hypertensive state.Research of reception and intracellular signalizing in the heart and blood vessels cells.
莫斯科國立大學力學和數學的科學研究所優先研究事項：代數、數論和數學邏輯、幾何和拓撲結構、現代數學分析、微分方程和數學物理、計算數學和編程、離散數學和人工智能、概率論與數理統計、數學、力學和數學教育的歷史和方法論問題、液體，氣體和等離子體力學、固體力學、分析力學，運動穩定性，控制和優化問題、多相介質力學、復合材料力學。
莫斯科國立大學計算數學和控制論的科學研究優先事項：數學物理中的微分方程、概率論與數理統計、數學建模和應用數學方法、研究非線性控制系統和過程的數學方法、理論、方法和軟件學。
莫斯科國立大學物理的科學研究優先事項：數學、凝聚態物理、光學和激光物理學、無線電物理和電子、聲學、等離子體物理、核物理、熱質量交換，流體動力學，氣體動力學，等離子動力學、生命科學、地球科學發展教育。
莫斯科國立大學化學學院的科學研究優先事項：在環境、食品和生物醫學等領域，開發新型的有機和無機物質的分離、濃縮和鑒別方法。化學和高分子化合物的物理化學的現代問題，固體和分散系統的物理化學力學:重粘合劑效應的分子機制:環境對分散粒子的相互作用和結構化的影響。激光誘發物理化學過程的研究，無機化學是開發新壹代功能性材料的基礎，發展有效的教學方法，尤其是化學現代物理化學分析方法在檢查復雜系統條件圖的過程中，有機結構和有機反應的分子設計;研究、合成和測試用於實際用途的新型有機化合物，元素有機化合物作為有機和有機金屬化合物合成的試劑和催化劑。化學和生物的放射性物質和標記化合物，化學過程和材料的示蹤劑診斷，環境的劑量測定和放射性，原子分子系統的結構和動力學，化學熱力學，表面的催化，表面的物理化學，材料和同位素的分離和純化的物理化學基礎，高壓條件化學，能源密集型和煤炭石墨材料的化學，解決碳氫化合物自然資源問題的新方法，核酸和nc蛋白復合物的有機化學，研究復雜蛋白的結構和功能的化學方法，光化學、低溫化學和催化過程的動力學和機制，以及在有組織的分子系統基礎上開發新的材料和技術，開發新技術系統來處理化學原料和燃料:安全技術領域的概念，化學酶學，電化學，有機系統輻射化學
莫斯科國立大學生物學院的科學研究優先事項：生物學和生物技術的物理化學基礎，人類和動物的生理活動、發育和穩定機制，壹般生物學和生態學。
莫斯科國立大學生物工程和生物信息學的科學研究優先事項:生化功能的呼吸，發酵生物工程
莫斯科國立大學土壤科學學院的科學研究優先事項:自然和人為景觀的土壤進化和功能，土壤生態功能和進化-遺傳地理學，土壤微生物在土壤生物領域的作用，土壤形成、肥力和化學監測的化學基礎，對不同土地利用土壤和生物群落生態條件的診斷和評價，土壤-植物-大氣系統中表層土壤和能量-質交換的物理特性和過程的理論和方法，土壤的起源和改良，放射生態學的陸地生態系統，目前不同類型土壤和農業化學方法的繁殖狀態，土壤侵蝕規律和侵蝕在侵蝕性的景觀生態學中所扮演的角色，莫斯科郊區的蘇-灰壤土的生態監測，開發agro技術和rational自然管理的信息支持，生態標準化，自然和人工改造的土地和土地資源評估。
莫斯科國立大學地質學院的科學研究優先事項:巖石圈的組成、構造、演化和地球動力學(大陸和海洋的深層結構;地球動力學，土壤的緊張狀況和災難性的過程;陸圈互動;寒武紀的問題;有機世界的進化)，可燃化石的地質和地球化學(石油和天然氣的問題;陸地皮層的液體)。自然資源礦床發生的形成和規律(地質經濟學的礦物原料問題;黃金礦床的遺傳特性)。地球化學元素的發生和分布，地球物理化學過程的物理化學過程(地球物理化學性質的物理化學性質;陸地皮層和地幔的巖漿和巖漿的形成;生態和搜索地球化學;具有獨特特性的晶體的合成;晶體化學)。工程和生態地質、水文地質和地質構造(環境地質;地下水資源，他們的動力和保護;新鮮的地下水資源;冰凍層的條件和預測的發展)，巖石圈地球物理研究的理論和方法。
莫斯科國立大學地理學院的科學優先事項:地質系統和土地資源的演化和操作，對氣候、海洋和淡水的復雜研究;過去和現在的水球、大氣、巖石圈和生物圈相互作用的過程，生態地理分析，對景觀及其組成部分的人為變化。世界經濟的空間結構以及俄羅斯和其他國家的社會經濟和地緣政治活動，對自然過程的不利和威脅的地理環境:理論與實踐，地理制圖學、地理信息學和對自然和社會經濟系統的遠程監測的理論和方法，地理及其分支的理論和方法;自然與社會的互動。
莫斯科國立大學材料科學學院的科學研究優先事項:開發新壹代納米材料和納米技術，開發新型的功能性材料，利用非線性動力學方法來解決材料科學的問題，發展大學教育體系，培養高素質的材料科學專業人才。
莫斯科國立大學藥學院的科學研究優先事項:細胞自由基病理機制的研究，在極端暴露下的代謝變化，對氧缺陷和其他環境因素的適應機制的研究，血壓調節的中心和外圍機制的研究，目的是對高血壓狀態進行藥理學校正，對心臟和血管細胞內信號的接收和細胞內信號的研究。
請閱讀第2頁為莫斯科國立大學校園環境和傑出校友詳細介紹。