二、獨立主格的結構：
n/pron + doing River rising, they had to left for safety.
to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.
done All the work done, they went for lunch.
adj. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
adv. He was lying in bed, light on.
Prepositional phrase He walked in, cane in hand.
在這種結構中，n/pron.在邏輯上是後壹部分的主語，後壹部分相當於謂語或表語。這種結構在句子中只能作狀語，
三、獨立主格在句中通常充當以下狀語成分：
1、 伴隨狀語（方式狀語）：相當於壹個並列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood ing down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.
The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.
2、 時間狀語：相當於壹個時間狀語從句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring ing, the flowers are ing out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因狀語：相當於壹個原因狀語從句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 條件狀語：相當於壹個條件狀語從句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a piic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
註：有時可以在獨立主格前面加上介詞with,構成with +復合賓語結構。
如：With the problem settled, the puter restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom,with the water runni......>>
問題二：獨立主格結構到底是什麽意思啊？ 獨立主格結構的用法可參考下面的內容:相信對妳有幫助.這個語法現象在高中是常見的且要掌握的.
獨立主格結構
壹、 獨立主格結構的含義和實質
“獨立主格結構”（absolute construction）又叫“獨立結構”，是帶有自己主語的非謂語動詞分句和無動詞分句。由於在語法上有自己的邏輯主語，結構上與主句不 *** ，因此傳統語法叫做“獨立主格結構”。其實，所謂“獨立主格結構”並非真正獨立，它還是壹種從屬分句，與主句緊密聯系在壹起，***同表達壹個完整的意思，通常在句中起狀語分句的作用。獨立主格結構可放於句首、句尾，用逗號和主句隔開。
二、 獨立主格結構的基本形式和功能
獨立主格結構可以分為兩部分：壹部分是名詞或代詞，起邏輯主語的作用；另壹部分是非謂語動詞分句（現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式）或無動詞分句（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語），表示前面名詞或代詞的動作或狀態。
基本形式是：名詞普通格/代詞主格+現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語，with引導的復合結構。
1． 名詞/代詞+ 現在分詞
現在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動進行的動作或狀態等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
註：“獨立結構”中的being或 having been 有時可以省去，這樣就成了無動詞分句或過去分詞分句。
2． 名詞/代詞+過去分詞
過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成的動作或所處的壹種狀態。
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
後面兩個句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，這兩個句子就又變成了現在分詞分句。
3． 名詞/代詞+不定式
不定式表示的是將來的動作。
例He suggested going for a piic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two books， the third one to e out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（ *** ） to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. 名詞/代詞+名詞
名詞壹般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語。
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.
5． 名詞/代詞+形容詞短語
形容詞（短語）說明前面名詞或代詞的性質，狀態，原因等。
例The flo......>>
問題三：英語裏面的獨立主格結構是什麽意思？ 1. 獨立主格結構的構成：
名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞；
名詞(代詞)+形容詞；
名詞(代詞)+副詞；
名詞(代詞)+不定式；
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。
（二） 獨立主格結構的特點：
1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。
3）獨立主格結構壹般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沈浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看妳。
This done, we went home.
工作完成後，我們才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子裏，耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館
2. With的復合結構作獨立主格
表伴隨時，既可用分詞的獨立結構，也可用with的復合結構。
with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語
舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例題
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞手與分詞綁是被動關系，因此用過去分詞，選D.
註意:
1) 獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題：
當介詞是in時，其前後的兩個名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復數。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時，及物動詞用現在分 詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking strai......>>
問題四：什麽是“獨立成份”？什麽是“獨立主格”？ 獨立成份:
句子中的獨立成份 與全句沒有語法關系的句子成份叫做句子的獨立成份。通常有三種成份用做獨立成份,它們是:感嘆語、呼語...這就是我們通常所說的獨立主格結構。
獨立主格結構的構成：
名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞；
名詞(代詞)+形容詞；
名詞(代詞)+副詞；
名詞(代詞)+不定式；
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。
（二） 獨立主格結構的特點：
1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。
3）獨立主格結構壹般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沈浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看妳。
This done, we went home.
工作完成後，我們才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。