some和any的用法:
1.some和any是限定詞,它們與不可數名詞和名詞復數連用。它們的意思與不定冠詞a/an大體相同。試比較:
I haven't got a car.我沒有汽車。(單數可數名詞)。
Have you got anyaspirins?妳有阿司匹林嗎?(復數名詞)。
I need some medicine.我需要壹點兒藥。(不可數名詞)。
sme壹般用在肯定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較:
I wantsome razor-blades.我要幾個刀片。
Have you got any razor- blades?妳有刀片嗎?
Sorry, I haven' t got any razor- blades.對不起,我沒有刀片。
當我們期待壹個正面回答或要鼓勵人家說“是”時,才在疑問句中用some。
Could I have some brown rice, please?請給我壹些糙米,好嗎?
Have you got someglasses you could lend me?妳有沒有幾只玻璃杯可以借給我?
Would you likesome more beer?妳還要再來點啤酒嗎?
在實際上含否定意思的肯定句中要用any,例如可與 never,without, hardly, prevent等詞連用。在與if連用的句子中,some和amy均可用。
Younever give me any help.妳從未給過我任何幫助。
We got there without anytrouble.我們到了那兒,未遇到任何煩。
There's hardly anytea left.幾乎沒剩下什麽茶。
The noise of the party preventedme from getting any sleep.晚會的吵鬧聲使我根本睡不著。
If you want some/anyhelp, let me know.妳要是需要壹些(任何)幫助,就告訴我。
請註意:如果some用作限定詞(放在名詞前,或在詞組some more中),壹般要弱讀成[sm]。
特別當我們談到不確定的、未肯定的、未知的數目或數量時,用some和any。試比較:
You' ve got somegreat jazz record.妳有壹些很好的爵土樂唱片。
You' ve got beautiful toes.妳的腳指頭真漂亮。(假如某人說"You've got some beautiful toes,這就意味著哪幾個腳指頭是漂亮的還不能肯定—也許六個或七個,但不是全部十個。)
Would you like some morebeer?( as much as you like)妳還要再來點啤酒嗎?
We need beer, sugar, butter, eggs, rice, and toilet paper.(=the usual quantities)我們需要啤酒、糖、黃油、雞蛋、大米和衛生紙。
Have you got anyanimals?妳養什麽動物了嗎?
Do you like animals?(= all animals)妳喜歡動物嗎?
some和any可以用作代詞。
“Beer?"—“Thanks, I've got some!”“酒?”—“謝謝,我有壹些。
“Did you get the oil?”—“No, they hadn't got any.”“妳弄到油了嗎?”—“沒有,他們壹點也沒有。”
在另壹限定詞(冠詞,指示詞或物主詞)或代詞前,我們用some of和 any of 。
Would you like some of thesecigarettes?這些香煙,妳是不是來幾根?
I couldn't understand any of thelectures.這些報告我壹個也不懂。
Have some of myice-cream.來點我的冰激淩。
I don't think any of uswant(s) to work tomorrow.我認為我們中沒有任何人明天還要工作。
請註意:當any of後面跟復數名詞或代詞時,動詞可以是單數,也可以是復數。在正式文體中,單數的動詞更常用。
If any of your friends is/areinterested, let me know.要是妳有任何朋友感興趣,請告訴我。
當some用作代詞(單獨或與of連用)時,要重讀成[sm]。試比較:
We need some oil.[sm]我們需要壹些油。
I've lost some of the oil.[sm]我損失了壹些油。
4.在否定句中,no或none可用來代替 not any,語氣更強。
no是限定詞,none是代詞。試比較:
We haven't got anytime.我們沒有時間。
We' ve got notime at all.我們壹點時間也沒有。
There aren't anyleft.什麽也沒剩下。
There are noneleft—not one.沒剩下,連壹個也沒剩下。
(請記住:any通常與不可數名詞和復數名詞連用,而不與單數可數名詞連用。我們說 I haven' t got a car,不能說I havent got any car.)。
要表達no的含義,不能單獨用any;需用not來表達否定的意思。
典型錯誤: I had anyideas; my head was completely empty.
應為:I didn't have anyideas…或 I had no ideas…)。
some和any的用法區分:
some和any作為形容詞或代詞,可以用來說明或代替復數名詞或不可數名詞,表示不定量,意為“壹些”,其區別是:對其所說明或代替的名詞持肯定態度時,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑問)態度時,用any。
在以下句子中使用some:
1.肯定句(包括肯定的陳述句和祈使句以及反意疑問句中肯定的陳述部分)。如:
There are some new books on the teacher's desk.
We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.
He bought some bread, didn't he?
2.持肯定態度的壹般疑問句。如:
Are there some stamps in that drawer?
Didn't she give you some money?