古詩詞大全網 - 團隊口號 - 比較級和最高級有多少

比較級和最高級有多少

下列副詞的比較等級為不規則變化:

形容詞、副詞比較等級的基本用法

形容詞與副詞都有三個比較等級。

1)原級常用於“as+ 原級+ as”結構。如:

He's as tall as I.

他和我壹樣高。(口語中壹般用me)

He likes her as much as he likes his sister.

他很喜歡她,同喜歡他的姐妹壹樣。

否定的原級用not as…as或not so…as,二者壹般無甚區別。如:

He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.

他沒有他兄弟抽煙抽得兇。

註意下面句中的詞序:

Germen is just as difficult a language as English.

德語同英語壹樣難學。(不定冠詞須放在difficult之後)

在壹定的上下文中,as…as結構中的as從句可省去。如:

To criticize like him one must be as generous and as wise.

要想象他那樣進行文學批評,我們就必須和他壹樣地大度和聰慧。

2)比較級常用於“比較級+ than”結構。如:

He is taller than I.

他比我高。(口語中壹般用me)

She sees me more often than she sees her brother.

她見我比見她弟弟更經常。

否定比較與否定原級壹樣,也用not as(so)…as…結構,也可用less…than結構。如:

(8)This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.

這個詞在英國英語裏比在美國英語裏少見。(往往可代之以This word is not so frequent in British English as in American English)

也可用副詞比較級。如:

This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.

這個詞在英國英語中不及在美國英語中常用。

在壹定的上下文中,than從句可以省去。如:

You ought to have told me earlier.

妳應當早些對我說。

〔註〕註意He is the taller of the two(他是兩個人中的較高者)這壹句中的taller前有定冠詞the。

3)最高級常用於“the+ 最高級+ 比較範圍”結構,比較範圍為短語或從句。如:

This is the best picture in the hall.

這是大廳裏最好的壹張畫。(比較範圍為短語)

This is the best picture that he has ever painted.

這是他所畫的畫當中最好的壹幅。(比較範圍為從句)

He sings the best in the class.

他在班裏唱得最好。(the在此是副詞)(副詞最高級常可省去the)

在非正式文體中,比較範圍亦可用“of any…”短語。如:

The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of any dog in the world.

這狗有壹條短而逗人的尾巴,它的臉肯定是世上最逗人的狗臉了。

形容詞的否定最高級也可用the least。如:

She wanted to know how to do it with the least amount of bother.

她想知道如何幹這件事麻煩最少。

在壹定的上下文中,表示“比較範圍”的短語或從句可省去。如:

This is the best possible answer.

這是最好的回答了。

在壹定的上下文中,形容詞最高級後的名詞(即所謂中心詞)亦可省去。如:

This is the best of all.

這是所有當中最好的。

形容詞、副詞比較等級的其它用法

形容詞、副詞的比較等級還有壹些其它用法。

1)原級的其它用法

a)as(so)…as結構前可以用just, almost, nearly, half等詞表示程度。如:

She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends.

她並不很像她所裝做的那樣倒運。

He doesn't dress half so strangely as Mike.

他的衣著的奇異遠不及邁克。

You're sewing nearly as neatly as her.

妳的針線活差不多和她壹樣幹凈利落。

b)註意下面句中as…as的用法:

She is as gifted as she is diligent.

她不但有天賦,而且勤奮。

The slogan is as easy to remember as it is hard to forget.

這個口號好記而且難忘。

有時as從句中的主語和連系動詞可省去。如:

Come as soon as possible.

盡快來吧。

有些as…as結構則是現成說法,如as well as, as much as, as far as, as far back as, as good as, as long as,as soon as, as often as 等。

c)as從句的省略結構,可以省去整個謂語部分,保留主語。如:

Is he as handsome as his brother?

他有他哥哥漂亮嗎?

Does she dance as gracefully as her sister?

她的舞跳得有她姐姐優美嗎?

可以省去部分謂語部分,保留主語和be, have或助動詞。如:

I have as many assignments as you have.

我的作業和妳壹樣多。

Now hold your breath as long as you can.

現在妳要盡量地摒住呼吸。

可以省去主語與謂語部分,只保留修飾語(多為狀語)。如:

It's as warm there as in Beijing.

那裏的天氣和北京壹樣暖和。

2)比較級的其它用法

a)比較級前可用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great(good)deal, a lot, completely等詞語表示不定度量。如:

The sun is much bigger than the earth.

太陽比地球大得多。

The sun is a lot bigger and brighter than the moon.

太陽比月亮大得多、亮得多。

b)比較級前可用any和no。如:

He was too tired to walk any further.

他太累了,走不動了。

The train is no longer in sight.

列車再也看不見了。

註意下面句子的結構及含義:

I don't like smoking any more than you do.

我和妳同樣不喜歡吸煙。

I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.

我對西班牙語和希臘語同樣都不懂。

c)no more(less)than與not more(less)than的含義不同,前者言其少(多),後者則只意謂“不多(少)於”。試比較:

I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋裏的錢只不過5元。(no more than等於“只不過”,言其少)

I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋裏的錢不多於5元。(not more than等於“不多於”,“至少”,無言其多或少的含義)

He is no less determined than you.

他的決心不亞於妳。(no less determined than等於“其決心不亞於妳”,言其大)

He is not less determined than you.

他的決心不比妳小。(not less determined than等於“其決心不小於”,無言其大或小的含義)

d)比較級前可用“數詞+ 名詞”構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量。如:

He is two inches taller than his father.

他比他爸爸高兩英寸。(或說He is taller than his father by two inches. )

She could not take a step further.

她壹步也不能走了。(a在此等於one)

e)比較級可與even, still, yet等副詞連用表示“更加”。如:

In that small room he seemed even bigger than I remembered him.

在那個小房間裏,他的塊頭似乎顯得比我所記得的更加大了。

We are working still harder now.

現在我們工作更加努力。

This is bad; that is yet worse.

這個壞,那個更壞。

表示“因此而更加……”則用“all, so much, none等+ 副詞the+ 比較級+ (表示原因的狀語),這種結構之後不可再接than從句。如:

I walked around for two hours yesterday, and the doctor said I was none the worse for it.

昨天我轉遊了兩小時,而大夫說我的病情並未因此而惡化。

His unkindness hurt me all the more because I had been previously so kind to him.

以前我曾經對他很好,因此他的不友好更加使我難過。

在壹定的上下文中,原因狀語可省去。如:

If that is the case, all the better.

如果事實是那樣,那就更好了。(if從句內含原因)

I know there's danger ahead, but I'm all the more set on driving forward.

我知道前面有危險,但我因此而更加決心驅車向前。(前壹分句內含原因)

f)表語中比較兩個形容詞時,不管形容詞有多少音節,皆須用more…than…結構,其意往往是…rather than…,可譯為“是……而不是……”或顛倒詞序譯作“與其說是……,不如說是……”。如:

That little girl is more shy than timid.

那個小姑娘是害羞而不是膽怯。

上述表語結構中的形容詞不可用-er和-est,亦不可用than從句。但下面壹類句子除外:

This room is longer than it is broad.

這個房間的長大於寬。

〔註〕上述more…than…結構亦可用於名詞、介詞短語等。如:

①She is more mother than wife.

她是賢妻,更是良母。(亦可說She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife)

②It's more like blue than green.

它是綠的,但更像是藍的。

上述more…than…亦可用於非表語結構。如:

③It'll do you more harm than good.

它會對妳害多益少。

g)more than作為固定詞組意謂“多於”,常用於數詞(或相當於數詞的詞)之前。如:

More than 1000 people attended the meeting.

壹千多人參加了會議。

英語中的more than往往有“多得驚人”的含義。如無此含義,則應用over或在名詞後用or more。如:

There are over ten people in the room.

房間裏有十多個人。

There are ten chairs or more in the room.

房間裏有十多把椅子。

more than用於其它詞語時則常意謂“不止”、“超過”等。如:

She is more than pretty.

她何止是漂亮。(不可用prettier代替more than pretty)

和more than意義相反的有less than, worse than, little more than等。如:

He seemed less than overjoyed.

她似乎並不太高興。

You're worse than unfair. You're mean.

妳不止是不公正。妳是卑鄙。

Employment statistics in that country amount to little more than best guess.

那個國家的就業統計和最好的猜測差不多。

〔註〕類似的固定詞組還有rather than, sooner than, other than, nothing more(less) than等。

h)表示“越來越……”用“比較級+ and+ 比較級”結構或“more and more+ 原級”,這種結構不可後接than從句。如:

Things are getting better and better every day.

情況壹天壹天好起來。

He is becoming more and more active in sports.

他越來越積極參加體育運動。

亦可用“ever等副詞+ 比較級”表示“越來越……”。如:

The road got ever worse until there was none at all.

道路越來越壞,直到最後連路也沒有了。

Her position was becoming daily more insecure.

她的地位壹天比壹天不穩了。

i)表示“越……,就越……”常用“副詞the+ 比較級,副詞the+ 比較級”結構。前者是狀語從句,後者是主句。如:

The more, the better.

越多越好。

The harder she worked, the more progress she made.

她工作越努力,進步越大。

j)比較級用於否定結構可表“最……不過”。如:

Nothing better!

那最好不過了!

There's nothing cheaper.

再便宜不過了。

〔註〕英語裏的比較結構也常用來表示最高級。如:

①She sings better than anyone else in her class.

她在班裏唱得最好。(=She sings best in her class)

②He's abler and more active than anyone else I know.

他在我所認識的人中是最能幹最富有活力的了。(=He's the most able and active man I know)

k)英語裏的比較級有時並無具體的比較含義,這種比較級叫做絕對比較級。如:

younger generation 青年壹代

higher education 高等教育

the lower classes 下層階級

the more complex problems of life 生活中的較為復雜的問題

l)than從句的省略結構與as從句大致相同。它可以省去整個謂語部分,保留主語。如:

She is more highly regarded than he.

她比他受到更高的重視。

Does Linda wear her hair longer than Mary?

琳達留的頭發比瑪麗的長嗎?

She eats less than a bird.

她的食量比小鳥還少。

它可以省去部分謂語部分,保留主語和be, have或助動詞。如:

John drove much more carefully than Jim did.

約翰開車比吉姆小心得多。

We all love ourselves more and hate ourselves less than we ought.

我們都對自己愛得過多,恨得過少。

這種比較從句中的be, have或助動詞可移至主語之前,進行倒裝。如:

No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister.

任何政黨的領袖都沒有像已故首相那樣不動感情。(助動詞has移至主語the late Prime Minister之前)

比較從句可以省去主要動詞,保留其余部分。如:

Imperialism will not change its nature any more than a leopard will its spots.

帝國主義絕不會改變其本性,正如豹子絕不會改變其皮上的斑點壹樣。

比較從句可以省去主語和部分謂語部分,保留賓語。如:

I love him more than her.

我愛他勝過愛她。

They love their liberties even more than their lives.

他們熱愛自由勝過他們的生命。

比較從句可以省去主語和部分謂語部分,保留修飾語。如:

It's pleasanter traveling by day than by night.

白天旅行比夜晚旅行愉快。

〔註〕註意習慣上用more than usual,而不用more than usually, 如:Did you eat more than usual yesterday evening?(妳昨晚吃得比平常多嗎?)

比較從句可以省去主語(或將than看作代詞作主語用),保留謂語部分(這種結構多用於正式文體中)。如:

There is more in it than meets the eye.

它的內涵較表面要深。

Don't drink more than is good for you.

不要喝得過量。

〔註〕在He returned three days earlier than expected(他回來比所預料的早三天)壹句中,than expected=than he was expected。

下面壹些句子的than從句省去了賓語:

The box is bigger than I wanted.

這箱子比我想要的大。

She told me more than I cared to know.

她告訴我的比我想知道的多。

2)在壹些比較省略結構中,than之後可用動詞不定式。如:

I know better than to mention it.

我才不會提它呢。

I cannot do better than to give you an idea of how I did it.

我只能告訴妳我是怎麽幹的。

〔註〕有些固定詞組的than之後須接不帶to的不定式。如:

①Sooner than yield he resolved to die.

他寧死不投降。

②I would rather stay than go.

我寧願留不願去。

3)最高級的其它用法

a)最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means等詞語所修飾。如:

The Yellow River is the second longest in China.

黃河是中國的第二大河。

Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.

這三個男孩中,尼克最最聰明。

Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.

這三個男孩中,尼克差不多是最聰明的了。

Of the three boys Nick is by no means the cleverest.

這三個男孩中,尼克決不是最聰明的。

b)形容詞最高級用作表語強調事物品質時應省去定冠詞。如:

This is where the river is deepest.

這是河流的最深處。

Put the picture where light is best.

把這張畫掛在光線最亮處。

如指事物,壹般仍須用the。如:

This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.

這本書是我所讀過的最難的壹本書。(difficult後省去了one或book)

c)如果形容詞前的most=very,亦須省去定冠詞the,這種無“最”含義的最高級叫做絕對最高級(不重讀)。如:

It is a most useful book.

它是壹本非常有用的書。

Most作“非常”解時,不重讀,但作“大多數”解時須重讀。試比較:

Most reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.

壹些非常可尊敬的作家現在已經放棄了這種主張。(most不重讀,等於very)

M’ost reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.

大多數可尊敬的作家現在已經放棄了這種主張。(most重讀,意謂“大多數”)

“most+ 形容詞”用作表語時,most如不重讀,亦屬絕對最高級;如重讀,則意謂“最”。試比較:

He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.

他在他講演的結尾最為雄辯。(most重讀,等於“最”)

He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.

他在他講演的結尾非常雄辯。(most不重讀,等於very)

有時帶the的形容詞最高級亦是絕對最高級,意謂“極”。如:

We would like to help you with the greatest pleasure.

我們極其樂意幫助妳。

Oh, he made the rudest remark!

啊,他說了極為粗野的話。

下面壹些現成說法中的絕對最高級省去了the:

I acknowledge, with sincerest thanks, your generous gift.

對妳慷慨的饋贈,我致以最衷心的謝意。

With best wishes, Yours…

致以最良好的祝願,妳的……(信中結束語)

在正式文體中,the有時亦被省去。如:

She had eyes of deepest blue.

她有壹雙最深藍的眼睛。

在“形容詞最高級+ of+ 名詞(泛指)”的結構中,最高級亦表very, 壹般不重讀。如:

He spoke in the softest of voices.

他說話聲音非常柔和。

We are the best of friends.

我們是極好的朋友。

〔註〕上述結構中的名詞不可有修飾語,否則最高級則變為相對最高級,意謂“最”。例如將上述例改為We are the best of his friends, 其意則變為“我們是他的最好的朋友”。再如Table tennis is the most popular of sports in China(乒乓球在中國最為盛行),由於sports有修飾語in China,因而the most popular在此亦是相對最高級,意謂“最盛行的”。

d)註意下面句子結構中的of短語不可或不宜後移。如:

Of all the books I like this(the) best.

在所有的書中,我最喜歡這本。(但可說I like this best of all)

e)最高級可以和物主代詞連用表示最佳情況或狀態。如:

I think he has done his best.

我認為他已經盡了最大的努力。

f)最高級在非正式文體中可表示二者的比較。如:

This is the shortest of the two roads.

這是兩條路中最短的壹條路。

g)最高級有時有“即使”的含義。如:

There is no smallest doubt.

毫無疑問。

The slightest neglect would cause a great loss.

即使最小的疏忽也會造成很大的損失。

4)英語裏表示比較等級的手段還有:

a)用equal(ly), same, enough等表示as…as…。如:

No one's fingers are equally long.

沒有壹個人的手指是壹樣長。

They are the same age.

他們同齡。

It's clear enough.

夠清晰了。(=It's as clear as is necessary)

b)用拉丁比較級superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, major, minor等表示比較級。如:

This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.

這條地毯的質量遠勝過那壹條。(後壹般須接to)

Jones is senior to Smith.

瓊斯比史密斯資格老。(後須接to)

He is having a major operation.

他正在接受壹次大的手術。

〔註〕註意下列詞組中的拉丁比較級都是絕對比較級(無比較含義):

senior citizens 老人

superior quality 優質

a minor point 不重要之點

c)“too+ 原級”和“原級+ for短語”也可表示比較級。如:

It's too long.

它太長了。(=It's longer than is necessary)

He is tall for his age.

對他那樣的年紀來說,他是長得高的。(=taller than normal)

有時單用原級亦可表比較級。如:

You are five minutes late.

妳晚了五分鐘。(late=too late)