socket服務器再細分可分為多種了，tcp,udp,websocket，都是調用socket模塊，但是具體實現起來有壹點細微的差別
先給出壹個tcp和udp通過socket協議實現的聊天室的例子
python聊天室(python2.7版本)：
都是分別運行server.py和client.py，就可以進行通訊了。
TCP版本：
socket-tcp-server.py（服務端）:#-*-?encoding:utf-8?-*-
#socket.getaddrinfo(host,?port,?family=0,?socktype=0,?proto=0,?flags=0)
#根據給定的參數host/port，相應的轉換成壹個包含用於創建socket對象的五元組，
#參數host為域名，以字符串形式給出代表壹個IPV4/IPV6地址或者None.
#參數port如果字符串形式就代表壹個服務名，比如“http”"ftp""email"等，或者為數字，或者為None
#參數family為地主族，可以為AF_INET?，AF_INET6?，AF_UNIX.
#參數socktype可以為SOCK_STREAM(TCP)或者SOCK_DGRAM(UDP)
#參數proto通常為0可以直接忽略
#參數flags為AI_*的組合，比如AI_NUMERICHOST，它會影響函數的返回值
#附註：給參數host,port傳遞None時建立在C基礎，通過傳遞NULL。
#該函數返回壹個五元組(family,?socktype,?proto,?canonname,?sockaddr)，同時第五個參數sockaddr也是壹個二元組(address,?port)
#更多的方法及鏈接請訪問
#?Echo?server?program
from?socket?import?*
import?sys
import?threading
from?time?import?ctime
from?time?import?localtime
import?traceback
import?time
import?subprocess
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf8")
HOST='127.0.0.1'
PORT=8555?#設置偵聽端口
BUFSIZ=1024
class?TcpServer():
def?__init__(self):
self.ADDR=(HOST,?PORT)
try:
self.sock=socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM)
print?'%d?is?open'?%?PORT
self.sock.bind(self.ADDR)
self.sock.listen(5)
#設置退出條件
self.STOP_CHAT=False
#?所有監聽的客戶端
self.clients?=?{}
self.thrs?=?{}
self.stops?=?[]
except?Exception,e:
print?"%d?is?down"?%?PORT
return?False
def?IsOpen(ip,?port):
s?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM)
try:
s.connect((ip,?int(port)))
#?s.shutdown(2)
#?利用shutdown()函數使socket雙向數據傳輸變為單向數據傳輸。shutdown()需要壹個單獨的參數，
#?該參數表示s了如何關閉socket。具體為：0表示禁止將來讀；1表示禁止將來寫；2表示禁止將來讀和寫。
print?'%d?is?open'?%?port
return?True
except:
print?'%d?is?down'?%?port
return?False
def?listen_client(self):
while?not?self.STOP_CHAT:
print(u'等待接入，偵聽端口:%d'?%?(PORT))
self.tcpClientSock,?self.addr=self.sock.accept()
print(u'接受連接，客戶端地址：',self.addr)
address?=?self.addr
#將建立的client?socket鏈接放到列表self.clients中
self.clients[address]?=?self.tcpClientSock
#分別將每個建立的鏈接放入進程中，接收且分發消息
self.thrs[address]?=?threading.Thread(target=self.readmsg,?args=[address])
self.thrs[address].start()
time.sleep(0.5)
def?readmsg(self,address):
#如果地址不存在，則返回False
if?address?not?in?self.clients:
return?False
#得到發送消息的client?socket
client?=?self.clients[address]
while?True:
try:
#獲取到消息內容data
data=client.recv(BUFSIZ)
except:
print(e)
self.close_client(address)
break
if?not?data:
break
#python3使用bytes，所以要進行編碼
#s='%s發送給我的信息是:[%s]?%s'?%(addr[0],ctime(),?data.decode('utf8'))
#對日期進行壹下格式化
ISOTIMEFORMAT='%Y-%m-%d?%X'
stime=time.strftime(ISOTIMEFORMAT,?localtime())
s=u'%s發送給我的信息是:%s'?%(str(address),data.decode('utf8'))
#將獲得的消息分發給鏈接中的client?socket
for?k?in?self.clients:
self.clients[k].send(s.encode('utf8'))
self.clients[k].sendall('sendall:'+s.encode('utf8'))
print?str(k)
print([stime],?':',?data.decode('utf8'))
#如果輸入quit(忽略大小寫),則程序退出
STOP_CHAT=(data.decode('utf8').upper()=="QUIT")
if?STOP_CHAT:
print?"quit"
self.close_client(address)
print?"already?quit"
break
def?close_client(self,address):
try:
client?=?self.clients.pop(address)
self.stops.append(address)
client.close()
for?k?in?self.clients:
self.clients[k].send(str(address)?+?u"已經離開了")
except:
pass
print(str(address)+u'已經退出')
if?__name__?==?'__main__':
tserver?=?TcpServer()
tserver.listen_client()
——————————華麗的分割線—————————— socket-tcp-client.py?（客戶端）：#-*-?encoding:utf-8?-*-
from?socket?import?*
import?sys
import?threading
import?time
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf8")
#測試，連接本機
HOST='127.0.0.1'
#設置偵聽端口
PORT=8555
BUFSIZ=1024
class?TcpClient:
ADDR=(HOST,?PORT)
def?__init__(self):
self.HOST?=?HOST
self.PORT?=?PORT
self.BUFSIZ?=?BUFSIZ
#創建socket連接
self.client?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM)
self.client.connect(self.ADDR)
#起壹個線程，監聽接收的信息
self.trecv?=?threading.Thread(target=self.recvmsg)
self.trecv.start()
def?sendmsg(self):
#循環發送聊天消息，如果socket連接存在則壹直循環，發送quit時關閉鏈接
while?self.client.connect_ex(self.ADDR):
data=raw_input('>:')
if?not?data:
break
self.client.send(data.encode('utf8'))
print(u'發送信息到%s：%s'?%(self.HOST,data))
if?data.upper()=="QUIT":
self.client.close()
print?u"已關閉"
break
def?recvmsg(self):
#接收消息，如果鏈接壹直存在，則持續監聽接收消息
try:
while?self.client.connect_ex(self.ADDR):
data=self.client.recv(self.BUFSIZ)
print(u'從%s收到信息：%s'?%(self.HOST,data.decode('utf8')))
except?Exception,e:
print?str(e)
if?__name__?==?'__main__':
client=TcpClient()
client.sendmsg()
UDP版本：
socket-udp-server.py#?-*-?coding:utf8?-*-
import?sys
import?time
import?traceback
import?threading
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import?socket
import?traceback
HOST?=?"127.0.0.1"
PORT?=?9555
CHECK_PERIOD?=?20
CHECK_TIMEOUT?=?15
class?UdpServer(object):
def?__init__(self):
self.clients?=?[]
self.beats?=?{}
self.ADDR?=?(HOST,PORT)
try:
self.sock?=?socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,?socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
self.sock.bind(self.ADDR)#?綁定同壹個域名下的所有機器
self.beattrs?=?threading.Thread(target=self.checkheartbeat)
self.beattrs.start()
except?Exception,e:
traceback.print_exc()
return?False
def?listen_client(self):
while?True:
time.sleep(0.5)
print?"hohohohohoo"
try:
recvData,address?=?self.sock.recvfrom(2048)
if?not?recvData:
self.close_client(address)
break
if?address?in?self.clients:
senddata?=?u"%s發送給我的信息是:%s"?%(str(address),recvData.decode('utf8'))
if?recvData.upper()?==?"QUIT":
self.close_client(address)
if?recvData?==?"HEARTBEAT":
self.heartbeat(address)
continue
else:
self.clients.append(address)
senddata?=?u"%s發送給我的信息是:%s"?%(str(address),u'進入了聊天室')
for?c?in?self.clients:
try:
self.sock.sendto(senddata,c)
except?Exception,e:
print?str(e)
self.close_client(c)
except?Exception,e:
#?traceback.print_exc()
print?str(e)
pass
def?heartbeat(self,address):
self.beats[address]?=?time.time()
def?checkheartbeat(self):
while?True:
print?"checkheartbeat"
print?self.beats
try:
for?c?in?self.clients:
print?time.time()
print?self.beats[c]
if?self.beats[c]?+?CHECK_TIMEOUT?<time.time():
print?u"%s心跳超時，連接已經斷開"?%str(c)
self.close_client(c)
else:
print?u"checkp%s,沒有斷開"?%str(c)
except?Exception,e:
traceback.print_exc()
print?str(e)
pass
time.sleep(CHECK_PERIOD)
def?close_client(self,address):
try:
if?address?in?self.clients:
self.clients.remove(address)
if?self.beats.has_key(address):
del?self.beats[address]
print?self.clients
for?c?in?self.clients:
self.sock.sendto(u'%s已經離開了'?%?str(address),c)
print(str(address)+u'已經退出')
except?Exception,e:
print?str(e)
raise
if?__name__?==?"__main__":
udpServer?=?UdpServer()
udpServer.listen_client()
——————————華麗的分割線——————————
socket-udp-client.py:
#?-*-?coding:utf8?-*-
import?sys
import?threading
import?time
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import?socket
HOST?=?"127.0.0.1"
PORT?=?9555
#BEAT_PORT?=?43278
BEAT_PERIOD?=?5
class?UdpClient(object):
def?__init__(self):
self.clientsock?=?socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
self.HOST?=?HOST
self.ADDR?=?(HOST,PORT)
self.clientsock.sendto(u'請求建立鏈接',self.ADDR)
self.recvtrs?=?threading.Thread(target=self.recvmsg)
self.recvtrs.start()
self.hearttrs?=?threading.Thread(target=self.heartbeat)
self.hearttrs.start()
def?sendmsg(self):
while?True:
data?=?raw_input(">:")
if?not?data:
break
self.clientsock.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'),self.ADDR)
if?data.upper()?==?'QUIT':
self.clientsock.close()
break
def?heartbeat(self):
while?True:
self.clientsock.sendto('HEARTBEAT',self.ADDR)
time.sleep(BEAT_PERIOD)
def?recvmsg(self):
while?True:
recvData,addr?=?self.clientsock.recvfrom(1024)
if?not?recvData:
break
print(u'從%s收到信息：%s'?%(self.HOST,recvData.decode('utf8')))
if?__name__?==?"__main__":
udpClient?=?UdpClient()
udpClient.sendmsg()