國際海運貨物運輸服務實操
The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading,sea waybills,manifests,shipping notes,deliver orders and mate’s receipts.
通常用於海運貨物的文件分別有提貨單，海運單，航運艙單，托運單、送貨單和付款簽收單。
The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier.However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage. It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier,Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.
提貨單自己本身並不是運輸合同，因為它只是發運人單方面的簽名。不過，它提供了運輸貨物的根據。它對收貨人來說是作為壹種貨物簽收單。除此之外，提貨單作為壹個權利文件憑據讓貨物能夠從承運商發送到收貨人或者其他的第三方集團。
A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading.The waybill is a non-negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the waybill.
海運單是傳統海運提貨單的代替品。運貨單是壹個不可轉讓的文件並且制作給壹個指定的收貨人，此人被允許提供正確的身份證明來提貨而不需要提供相應的運貨單。
A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board A freight manifest gives information regarding freight rates,sucharges,rebates,etc… The manifest is prepared by the carrier’s agent but the freight forwarded have to handle it whilt dealing with the customs and port authorities,
壹張貨物航運艙單提供了貨運從港口A裝貨的信息和貨物運價、附加費、折扣等等信息。航運艙單由發貨代理人準備但發貨時必須用於海關報關和港口官方權威查驗使用。
A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading.
托運單由承運商根據發貨人要求的船艙空間制作，這是壹份承運商對承運貨物和服務的保證，並且是在提貨單的基礎上制成。
A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his gent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo import cargo from the vessel.
送貨單由發貨人或他的代理人制作，使收貨人或他的運輸代理商能夠在船到達時提貨簽收。
A mate’s receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement of the goods received on board export cargo which is subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading.
付款簽收單是壹個單據由發貨人在得知貨物已經抵港時制作，隨後用於交換提貨單。