在機械領域裏,機械專業英語的特點是專業性強、範圍廣,重視邏輯性和條理性,因此,翻譯機械專業英語工作對翻譯者的翻譯技能的要求也越來越高。下面是我帶來的，歡迎閱讀!
Drilling and Drills
鉆削和鉆頭
Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece.
鉆削就是通過迫使繞自身軸線旋轉的切削刀具進入工件而在其上生成通孔或盲孔。
Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of the required hole. In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed.
因此從旋轉軸線開始的切削範圍等於所需孔的半徑。實際上使用的是兩條圍繞相同軸線旋轉的對稱切削刃。
Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines. The latter differ in size and construction. Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe.
鉆削作業既能采用手鉆也能采用鉆床來實現。鉆床在尺寸和結構上雖有差別?然而始終都是切削刀具圍繞自身軸線旋轉、工件穩固定位的形式。這正好與在車床上鉆孔相反。
Twist drill. The twist drill is the most mon type of drill. It has two cutting edges and two helical flutes that continue over the length of the drill body, as shown in Fig.12.1. The drill also consists of a neck and a shank that can be either straight or tapered.
麻花鉆。麻花鉆是最常用的鉆頭型別。它有兩條切削刃和兩條沿鉆頭體全長連續的螺旋狀出屑槽如圖12.1所示。麻花鉆還包括鉆頸和鉆柄鉆柄可以是直的也可以是錐形的。
In the latter case, the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang, which goes into a slot in the spindle socket, thus acting as a solid means for tran *** itting rotation.
錐形鉆柄通過楔入動作安裝在主軸的錐形軸孔中鉆柄上還有柄舌插入主軸軸孔中的插槽從而作為傳遞轉動的可靠方法。
On the other hand, straight-shank drills are held in a drill chuck that is, in turn, fitted into the spindle socket in the same way as tapered shank drills.
另壹方面直柄鉆頭用鉆頭卡盤夾住接下來鉆頭卡盤則象錐形鉆柄鉆頭壹樣安裝在主軸軸孔內。
As can be seen in Fig.12.1, the two cutting edges are referred to as the lips, and are connected together by a wedge, which is a chisel-like edge. The twist drill also has two margins, which enable proper guidance and locating of the drill while it is in operation.
如圖12.1所示兩條切削刃就是鉆唇通過鑿子狀邊緣的楔形體連在壹起。麻花鉆還有兩條導向邊用於作業中鉆頭的正確導向和定位。
The tool point angle TPA is formed by the two lips and is chosen based on the properties of the material to be cut. The usual TPA for mercial drills is 118°, which is appropriate for drilling low-carbon steels and cast irons.
兩條鉆唇形成鉆頂角並根據被鉆削材料的效能來選取其大小。商品化鉆頭的鉆頂角壹般為118°這適用於鉆削低碳鋼和鑄鐵。
For harder and tougher metals, such as hardened steel, brass and bronze, larger TPAs 130°or 140° give better performance. The helix angle of the flutes of the monly used twist drills ranges between 24°and 30°. When drilling copper or soft plastics, higher values for the helix angle are remended between 35°and 45°.
對於更硬更韌的金屬諸如淬火鋼、黃銅和青銅更大的鉆頂角130°或140°才能有更好的效果。麻花鉆常用的出屑槽螺旋角範圍為24°到 30°。鉆削紫銅或軟塑料時推薦采用更大的螺旋角35°到45°。
Twist drills are usually made of high-speed steel, although carbide-tipped drills are also available. The sizes of twist drills used in industrial practice range from 0.01 up to 3.25 in. 0.25 up to 80 mm.
雖然也有硬質合金刀尖的鉆頭麻花鉆壹般用高速鋼制成。工業實際中使用的麻花鉆尺寸範圍為0.01到3.25英寸即0.25到80毫米。
Core drills. A core drill consists of the chamfer, body, neck, and shank, as shown in Fig.12.2. This type of drill may have either three or four flutes and equal number of margins, which ensure superior guidance, thus resulting in high machining accuracy.
空心鉆 空心鉆包括斜面、鉆頭體、鉆頸和鉆柄 如圖12.2所示。這類鉆頭可以有三條或四條出屑槽及相同數量的保證良好導向的導向邊 這樣使得加工有高精度。
It can also be seen in Fig.12.2 that a core drill has flat end. The chamfer can have three or four cutting edges or lips, and the lip angle may vary between 90°and 120°.
在圖12.2中同樣能看到 空心鉆具有平坦的端部。斜面可以有三或四條切削刃或鉆唇 並且鉆唇角可以在90°到120°之間變化。
Core drills are employed for enlarging previously made holes and not for originating holes. This type of drill is characterized by greater productivity, high machining accuracy, and superior quality of the drilled surfaces.
空心鉆用於擴大已有的孔而不是打孔。這類鉆頭具有較大生產率、高加工精度和優良鉆削表面質量的特性。
Gun drills. Gun drills are used for drilling deep holes. All gun drills are straight-fluted, and each has a single cutting edge. A hole in the body acts as a conduit to tran *** it coolant under considerable pressure to the tip of the drill.
深孔鉆。深孔鉆用於鉆深孔。所有深孔鉆都是直出屑槽的並且均為單切削刃。鉆頭體中有個孔作為導管在相當大的壓力下將冷卻液傳送到鉆頭頂端。
There are two kinds of gun drills, namely, the center-cut gun drill used for drilling blind holes and the trepanning drill. The latter has a cylindrical groove at its center, thus generating a solid core, which guides the tool as it proceeds during the drilling operation.
深孔鉆有兩種型別?即用於鉆盲孔的中心切削深孔鉆和套孔鉆。後者在其中心有壹圓 柱形溝槽?這樣能生成整體芯在鉆孔作業過程中引導鉆頭。