心理疾病學術上大致可分為以下幾類：
可根據不同的標準或其嚴重程度分類，可分為感覺障礙、知覺障礙、註意障礙、記憶障礙、思維障礙、情感障礙、意誌障礙、行為障礙、意識障礙、智力障礙、人格障礙等。
詳細分類針對患者的年齡結構和不同年齡段患者的咨詢、治療重點，心理疾病按照以下方式分類：
兒童常見心理疾病
拔毛癖、多動癥、習慣性尿褲、屎褲（兒童遺便癥）、夜尿癥、自閉癥、精神發育遲滯、口吃、言語技能發育障礙、學習技能發育障礙、兒童抽動癥、兒童退縮行為、Asperger綜合征、Heller綜合征（嬰兒癡呆）、Rett綜合征、品行障礙、兒童選擇性緘默、偏食、咬指甲、異食癖，以及壹些具有兒童特點的兒童性別偏差（包括兒童異裝癖）、兒童精神分裂癥、兒童恐怖癥、兒童情緒障礙（如焦慮癥、抑郁癥）等。
青少年常見心理疾病
考試綜合癥、嚴格管束引發的反抗性焦慮癥、恐怖癥、學習逃避癥、癔病、強迫性神經癥、師生戀（單相思）、戀愛挫折綜合征、大學生常見的心理障礙、網絡綜合癥等。
成年人常見心理問題
工作適應疾病：過度成就壓力、物質金錢關系不當（如致富後的空虛癥、吝嗇癖等）
職業性心理疾病：教師的精神障礙、單調作業產生的心理障礙、噪音和心理疾病、夜班和心理問題、高溫作業的神經心理影響。
性心理疾病：花癡（色情狂）、露陰癖、窺陰癖、窺淫癖、異裝癖、自戀癖、性厭惡、戀物癖、陽痿、早泄、過度手淫等。針對中老年的：更年期精神病、更年期綜合征、癡呆、阿爾采莫氏病、老年期譫妄、退離休綜合癥。
除此之外，可按照疾病的性質和發生原因劃分：
不良習慣及嗜好：偷竊癖、縱火狂、神經性嘔吐、物質依賴、潔癖。
神經癥：神經衰弱、焦慮癥、疑病性神經癥（疑病癥）、癔病（癔癥）、強迫性神經癥、恐怖性神經癥、抑郁性神經癥 。
生理心理疾病
軀體形式障礙：軀體化障礙、疑病性神經癥（疑病癥）、心臟神經癥、胃腸神經癥、肥胖癥、神經性厭食癥、經前綜合癥 。
腦器質性精神障礙：阿爾采莫氏病、急性腦血管病所致精神障礙、多發梗死性癡呆、皮質下血管病所致精神障礙、皮質和皮質下混合性血管病所致精神障礙、Huntington病所致精神障礙、肝豆狀核變病（Wilson氏病）所致精神障礙、麻痹性癡呆（大腦神經梅毒所致精神障礙）病毒性腦炎所致精神障礙、腦囊蟲病所致精神障礙、顱腦損傷所致精神障礙、顱內腫瘤所致精神障礙、癲癇性精神障礙。
癥狀性(器質性)精神病：生理疾病和心理的關系、傳染病和心理疾病、藥物引起的精神障礙、酒精中毒、中毒性精神障礙、肝腦綜合征、肺腦綜合征、尿毒癥所致精神障礙、甲狀旁腺功能減退所致精神障礙、甲狀腺功能亢進所致精神障礙、營養代謝疾病所致精神障礙、風濕性感染所致精神障礙、傷寒所致精神障礙、系統性紅斑狼瘡所致精神障礙。
心理生理障礙
心因性心理（精神）障礙：適應性障礙、反應性精神病、感應性精神病、氣功所致精神障礙（氣功偏差）、恐縮癥（縮陰癥）、迷信引起的精神障礙、憂郁癥、病態懷舊心理。
人格障礙
精神病和精神障礙：精神分裂癥、常用抗精神病藥物 心境障礙：躁狂癥、抑郁癥
偏執性精神病
醫源性精神病、旅途精神病
周期性精神病
家庭因素引發的精神障礙：喪偶綜合癥。
Mental disorders are common, but exists difference only, and the development of modern civilization make human more out of its natural attribute, pollution, fast rhythm, stress, the amount of information unprecedented, complex social relations, daily changes, consumption difference, in the fair idea of unfair fact is pulled big, spoiled, so that gradually increased and the deterioration of mental illness. Many types of psychological diseases, different, and there are more likely to occur in the past have not noticed, or have been rationalized (not considered a mental illness ). With the change of times new found that mental illness is many.
Mental disease academic can be roughly divided into the following categories:
According to different standards or its severity classification, can be divided into sensory impairments, perceived barriers, attention disorders, memory disorders, thought disorder, affective disorders, volitional disorder, behavioral disorders, disorders of consciousness, mental disorders, personality disorders.
A detailed classification according to the patients' age structure and the ages of patients consulting, treatment of mental illness, according to the following classification:
Common mental disorders in children
Trichotillomania, ADHD, habitual urine trousers, pants ( left in children is shit ), nocturia, autism, mental retardation, developmental disorders of stuttering, verbal skills, learning skills in developmental disorders, Tourette's children, children's withdrawal, syndrome Asperger, Heller syndrome ( infantile dementia ), Rett syndrome, conduct disorder, children with selective mutism, a partial eclipse, nail biting, pica, as well as some have the characteristics of children 's gender bias ( including children's transvestite ), childhood schizophrenia, pedophobia, children with emotional disorders ( such as anxiety, depression ).
Common mental disorders in adolescents
Examination of syndrome, rein in induced resistance of anxiety, phobia, learning to avoid disorder, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, hysteria, the teachers and students love ( unrequited ) love frustration, syndrome, college students' common psychological disorders, network syndrome.
Adult common psychological problems
Work to the disease: excessive achievement pressure, material money ( such as improper after becoming rich, cheap, and empty disorder )
Occupation of mental illness: Teachers' mental disorders, monotonous work the psychological barriers, noise and mental illness, the night shift and psychological problems, high temperature operation of the neuropsychological effects.
Mental diseases: anthomaniac ( erotomania ), voyeurism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, transvestites, narcissism, sexual aversion, fetish, impotence, premature ejaculation, excessive masturbation. Targeted at the elderly : menopause mental disease, menopausal syndrome, dementia, Alzheimer's, delirium, retired syndrome.
In addition, according to the nature of the disease and the cause of division:
Bad habits and hobbies: kleptomania, pyromania, nervous vomiting, substance dependence, cleanliness.
Neurosis: neurasthenia, anxiety, hypochondria ( hypochondriasis ), Hysteria ( hysteria), obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobic neurosis, depressive neurosis.
Physiological and psychological diseases
Somatoform disorders: somatization disorder (, hypochondriacal neurosis hypochondriasis ), cardiac neurosis, gastrointestinal neurosis, obesity, anorexia nervosa, premenstrual syndrome.
Brain organic mental disorders: Alzheimer's, acute mental disorders due to vascular disease, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical vascular disease, mental disorders caused by cortical and subcortical mixed mental disorders due to vascular disease, Huntington disease, mental disorders caused by hepatolenticular degeneration disease ( Wilson's disease). Mental disorders, dementia paranoides ( mental disorders due to brain neurosyphilis ) virus encephalitis induced mental disorders, mental disorders caused by cerebral cysticercosis, mental disorder in patients with head injury, intracranial tumor induced mental disorder, epilepsy and mental disorders.
Symptomatic ( organic) psychosis: a physiological disease and psychological relationships, infectious diseases and mental disorders, drug induced psychiatric disorders, alcoholism, mental disorder, hepatocerebral syndrome, lung brain syndrome, uremia induced mental disorder, hypoparathyroidism induced mental disorders, mental disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, mental disorders due to nutritional and metabolic, rheumatic infection induced mental disorder, typhoid induced mental disorders, mental disorders due to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Psychophysiologic disorders
Psychogenic disorder: psychological (mental) adaptability obstacle, reactive psychosis, inductive sex mental disease, qigong induced mental disorder ( Qigong deviation ), Koro ( Koro ), superstition induced psychotic disorder, depression, morbid nostalgia.
Personality disorder
Mental illness and mental disorders: schizophrenia, commonly used antipsychotics in mood disorders: mania, depression
Paranoid psychosis
Iatrogenic psychiatric, mental journey
Periodic psychosis
Family factors cause of mental disorders: a widowed syndrome.