二、作表語的-ING分詞
Seeing is believing.
His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
三、-ING分詞作動詞賓語
1. 壹類是動詞或短語後邊跟賓語的非限定性動詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承認), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲過，避開), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味著，等於), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒險幹…), suggest, threaten。
5) By taking the back way he escaped .
［A］ to be seen ［B］ have been seen ［C］ seeing ［D］ being seen
6) I came late and missed Jack winning.
［A］ to see［B］ seeing［C］ see［D］ seen
7) "I see our boss coming down the hall."
"Then we'd better quit and get down to business."
［A］ talking［B］ to talk［C］ from talking［D］ having talk
8) The young doctor first ［A］ practised to use ［B］ the needles on ［C］ his own ［D］ wrist.
9) Some experts have advocated to bring ［A］ that country into ［B］ the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue ［C］ that began ［D］ after the 1967 Middle East War.
2. 另壹類動詞後邊作賓語的非限定性動詞可以是-ING分詞的動名詞，也可以是動詞不定式，如：attempt, begin, can't bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(動詞後接-ING和不定式時在用法上的區別在下壹章講)
10) "What's wrong with Henry?""He needs ."
［A］ cheer up［B］ to be cheer up［C］ cheering up［D］ to cheered up
11) Any such news would start her .
［A］ to worry［B］ worrying［C］ worry［D］ worried
3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下壹結構，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的後邊去
I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture.／Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
四、 -ING結構作介詞的賓語
幾乎所有介詞，不管是單個介詞還是介詞詞組，不管它們是謂語動詞的組成部分與否，都能用-ING分詞的動名詞作其賓語。所以，-ING結構作介詞賓語的時候很多。-ING結構壹般作介詞短語的賓語，主要有以下搭配關系
1. 動詞＋介詞＋ -ING
12) Scientists measure the hardness ［A］ of a material ［B］ by comparatively ［C］ with a table of ten well-known ［D］ metals.
13) Her mother did not ［A］ approve of her to go ［B］ to the party without dressing ［C］ formally ［D］ .
14) Although many women's colleges ［A］ have been coeducational ［B］ , other universities remain committed to keep ［C］ their facilities separate ［D］ .
15) We insist on you leave ［A］ the place before ［B］ any further ［C］ disturbances take place ［D］ .
2. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動詞)＋介詞to(不要把它視為動詞不定式的標誌)。下面是大綱中所列短語中的"to"為介詞：(be) contrary to (與…相反),object(objection)to (反對), with a view to (為…起見)，(be) opposed to (反對)， in contrast to (與…成對比),be used to (習慣於), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力於),resort to (訴諸於), as to (關於), be accustomed to (習慣於), be devoted to (獻身於), be committed to (委身於), react to (對…反應), with regard to (關於), look forward to (期待), contribute to (貢獻)，owe to由於，歸功於等
16) I have no objection the evening with them.
［A］ to spend ［B］ to spending ［C］ to have spent ［D］ to have to spend
17) Why do you object to the direction?
［A］ following ［B］ follow ［C］ have follow ［D］ have been followed
18) Mr. Brown often wore ［A］ a heavy coat ［B］ because he was not used to live ［C］ in such a ［D］ cold climate.
19) Livy was the ［A］ only great historian of the time ［B］ , and he devoted his attention to give ［C］ the world splendid ［D］ pictures.
3. 動詞＋副詞＋介詞＋ -ING
I look forward to her coming soon.
4. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質的-ED分詞)＋介詞＋ -ING
I am proud of having such a son.
He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.
It's impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
He is interested in playing table tennis.
5. 表示征詢意見的 "How about…?", "What…about?"
How about going there?
What about having a concert?
20) How about to the movies tonight?
［A］ going［B］ if go［C］ to go［D］ if we go
6. 前面省略了介詞in的-ING慣用法
The two children are busy doing their homework.
Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.
There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.
He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate.
Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.
There is no point arguing with him.
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