A tropical rainforest is an ecosystem type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. Rainforests can be found in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and on many of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are thought to be a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.
History Tropical rainforests:
Tropical rainforests have existed on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. Most tropical rainforests today are on fragments of the Mesozoic era supercontinent of Gondwana. The separation of the landmass resulted in a great loss of amphibian diversity while at the same time the drier climate spurred the diversification of reptiles. The division left tropical rainforests located in five major regions of the world: tropical America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and New Guinea, with smaller outliers in Australia. However, the specifics of the origin of rainforests remain uncertain due to an incomplete fossil record.
Types of tropical rainforest
Several types of forest comprise the general tropical rainforest biome:
Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests are forests which receive high rainfall (more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year. These forests occur in a belt around the equator, with the largest areas in the Amazon Basin of South America, the Congo Basin of Central Africa, Indonesia, and New Guinea.
Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal forests, receive high overall rainfall with a warm summer wet season and a cooler winter dry season. Some trees in these forests drop some or all of their leaves during the winter dry season. These forests are found in parts of South America, in Central America and around the Caribbean, in coastal West Africa, parts of the Indian subcontinent, and across much of Indochina.
Montane rain forests, some of which are known as cloud forests, are found in cooler-climate mountain areas. Depending on latitude, the lower limit of montane rainforests on large mountains is generally between 1500 and 2500 m while the upper limit is usually from 2400 to 3300 m.
Flooded forests, seven types of flooded forest are recognized for Tambopata Reserve in Amazonian Peru:
Permanently waterlogged swamp forest--Former oxbow lakes still flooded but covered in forest.
Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest--Oxbow lakes in the process of filling in.
Lower floodplain forest--Lowest floodplain locations with a recognizable forest.
Middle floodplain forest--Tall forest, flooded occasionally.
Upper floodplain forest--Tall forest, rarely flooded.
Old floodplain forest--Subjected to flooding within the last two hundred years.
Previous floodplain--Now terra firme, but historically ancient floodplain of Tambopata River.
Due the human's excessive exploitation, tropical forests are now facing a great danger of disappear from the surface of the Earth. Urgent steps and actions required from all countries of the tropical area to protect them from further damages.
用英語介紹澳大利亞的旅遊景點
大堡礁 Great Barrier Reef悉尼歌劇院 Sydney opera house艾爾斯巖石 Ayers Rock悉尼海港大橋 Sydney Harbour Bridge情人港 Darling Harbour以上是澳洲比較著名的景點，希望對妳有幫助~~望采納
壹篇英語文章關於熱帶雨林
熱帶雨林為熱帶雨林氣候及熱帶海洋性氣候的典型植被。
大多數熱帶雨林（Tropical zone rain forest）都位於北緯23.5度和南緯23.5度之間。在熱帶雨林中，通常有三到五層的植被，上面還有高達150英尺到180英尺的樹木像帳篷壹樣支蓋著。下面幾層植被的密度取決於陽光穿透上層樹木的程度。照進來的陽光越多，密度就越大。熱帶雨林主要分布在南美、亞洲和非洲的叢林地區，如亞馬遜平原和雲南的西雙版納。每月平均溫度在華氏64.5度以上（攝氏溫度約為18度），平均降水量每年80英寸（1英寸=2.54厘米）以上，超過每年的蒸發量。
19世紀，德國植物學家辛伯爾廣泛收集和總結了熱帶地區的科學發現和各種資料，把潮濕熱帶地區常綠高大的森林植被稱作為熱帶雨林，並從當時的生態學角度對它進行了科學描述和解釋。熱帶雨林具有獨特的外貌和結構特征，與世界上其它森林類型有清楚的區別。熱帶雨林主要生長在年平均溫度24℃以上，或者最冷月平均溫度18℃以上的熱帶潮濕低地。
編輯本段分布
世界上三大熱帶地區都有它的分布。最大的壹片在美洲，南美洲亞馬遜河流域目前還保存著40，000平方公裏面積，約占熱帶雨林總量的壹半，即約占世界闊葉林總量的1/6。第二大片是熱帶亞洲的雨林，面積有20，000平方公裏。第三大片是熱帶非洲剛果盆地雨林，面積18，000平方公裏。它們都是在赤道附近的雨林氣候下形成的。中美洲東岸及西印度群島、澳大利亞東北部、馬達加斯加島東岸、巴西東南部的雨林則發育於熱帶海洋性氣候。
我國雲南、臺灣、海南地區也有分布。
熱帶美洲、熱帶亞洲和熱帶非洲的雨林雖然分開為三大片，但它們都有非常類似的外貌和結構特點。由於生長環境終年高溫潮濕，熱帶雨林長得高大茂密，壹般高度在30米以上，從林冠到林下樹木分為多個層次，彼此套叠。在熱帶雨林中，最高的樹木可長到80多米高度，例如馬來西亞的塔豆（Koompassia excelta），西雙版納的望天樹亦高達70米。熱帶雨林的種類組成極端豐富，盡管熱帶雨林僅占世界陸地面積的百分之七，但它所包含的植物總數卻占了世界總數的壹半。熱帶雨林有很多獨特現象是其它森林所沒有的。例如，大樹具有板狀的樹根，在老莖桿上開花、結果；有很多小型植物附生在其它植物的枝、桿上；有的通過絞殺其它植物而樹立起自己；有的樹木從空中垂下許多柱狀的根，最後變成獨樹成林；林下植物的葉子壹般都有滴水葉尖，而有的植物的葉子長得十分巨大；在林內，大藤本非常豐富，有的長達數百米，穿梭懸掛於樹木之間,使人難於通行。
隨著科學家對熱帶雨林的深入調查和研究，越來越多的生態現象被發現和解釋。但越來越多的發現也證明，熱帶雨林中蘊藏著大量的尚未被充分認識的生物學和自然規律。特別是熱帶雨林物種的極端豐富性和植物生活類型的多樣性並不能完全用達爾文的進化論來解釋。世界上除熱帶雨林外的物種充其量僅占總物種的壹半。植物生活類型亦僅只是壹部分。例如，溫帶的森林，不僅種類貧乏，生活類型單調，各種生態關系和生態表現亦是相對簡單和直接。依賴於熱帶以外森林的研究而得出的壹些經典或傳統的生物學規律和概念顯然是非常不完善的，若直接套用來解釋熱帶雨林，自然有很多現象不可思議。因此，科學家預測，通過對熱帶雨林的深入研究，或許會完全改變原有的生物學觀念。然而，令人遺憾的是人們還沒有充分解開熱帶雨林之謎時，它就可能由於人類自己的破壞而永久地消失。